マグネシウムの燃焼熱

ヘスの法則と酸化マグネシウムを使ってΔHを決定する

Thermochemistry Advanced (University) 50 分 ~$12.00

目的

直接測定が現実的でないため、ヘスの法則を間接的に用いてマグネシウムの燃焼エンタルピーを決定する。

背景

The combustion of Mg in O₂ is too vigorous for direct calorimetry. Instead, we measure: (1) Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, and (2) MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Combined with the known ΔH for H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O, Hess's law gives ΔH(combustion) of Mg.

安全上の警告

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas
  • Do not perform near open flames
  • Wear goggles and gloves

必要なPPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.5 g)
  • Magnesium oxide (MgO) (1 g)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (200 mL)
    1M

器具

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Thermometer Analytical balance Graduated cylinder Lid

手順

1

Reaction 1: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 0.25 g Mg ribbon. Record max temperature.

8 分 H₂ produced — no flames
2

Calculate ΔH1 for Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.

5 分
3

Clean the calorimeter. Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl. Record temperature. Add 0.5 g MgO. Record max temperature.

8 分
4

Calculate ΔH2 for MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O.

5 分
5

Use Hess's law: ΔH(combustion) = ΔH1 - ΔH2 + ΔH(H₂ combustion). ΔH(H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol.

5 分
6

Compare calculated ΔH with accepted value (-601.6 kJ/mol).

5 分

予想される結果

ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.

後片付け

Neutralize HCl waste. Dispose of MgCl₂ solution down the drain. Rinse calorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of マグネシウムの燃焼熱?
直接測定が現実的でないため、ヘスの法則を間接的に用いてマグネシウムの燃焼エンタルピーを決定する。
How difficult is マグネシウムの燃焼熱?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 50 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for マグネシウムの燃焼熱?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas; Do not perform near open flames.
What materials are needed for マグネシウムの燃焼熱?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Magnesium oxide (MgO), Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What results should I expect from マグネシウムの燃焼熱?
ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.