マグネシウムの燃焼熱
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ヘスの法則と酸化マグネシウムを使ってΔHを決定する
目的
直接測定が現実的でないため、ヘスの法則を間接的に用いてマグネシウムの燃焼エンタルピーを決定する。
背景
The combustion of Mg in O₂ is too vigorous for direct calorimetry. Instead, we measure: (1) Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, and (2) MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Combined with the known ΔH for H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O, Hess's law gives ΔH(combustion) of Mg.
安全上の警告
- HCl is corrosive
- Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas
- Do not perform near open flames
- Wear goggles and gloves
必要なPPE
材料
-
Magnesium ribbon (0.5 g)
-
Magnesium oxide (MgO) (1 g)
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (200 mL)1M
器具
手順
Reaction 1: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 0.25 g Mg ribbon. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH1 for Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.
Clean the calorimeter. Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl. Record temperature. Add 0.5 g MgO. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH2 for MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O.
Use Hess's law: ΔH(combustion) = ΔH1 - ΔH2 + ΔH(H₂ combustion). ΔH(H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol.
Compare calculated ΔH with accepted value (-601.6 kJ/mol).
予想される結果
ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.
後片付け
Neutralize HCl waste. Dispose of MgCl₂ solution down the drain. Rinse calorimeter.
詳細
- カテゴリ
- Thermochemistry
- 難易度
- Advanced (University)
- 所要時間
- 50 分
- 推定費用
- $12.00
- ステップ数
- 6
- 材料
- 3