金属の比熱容量

アルミニウム、銅、鉄の熱容量を比較する

Thermochemistry Intermediate (High School) 40 分 ~$10.00

目的

混合法を用いて複数の金属の比熱容量を決定し、受け入れられた値と比較する。

背景

The specific heat capacity of a metal can be determined by heating a known mass of metal to a known temperature, then transferring it to water in a calorimeter and measuring the temperature change. Energy conservation (q_metal = -q_water) allows calculation of the metal's specific heat.

安全上の警告

  • Hot metals and boiling water — burn risk
  • Use tongs to transfer hot metals
  • Do not touch hot metals with bare hands

必要なPPE

goggles lab_coat

材料

  • Metal samples (Al, Cu, Fe) (50 g each)
    Cylindrical pieces work best
  • Distilled water (300 mL)
  • Boiling water (500 mL)
    For heating metals

器具

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Beaker (600 mL) Hot plate Thermometer (2) Analytical balance Tongs String

手順

1

Weigh each metal sample accurately. Record masses.

3 分
2

Place all metals in boiling water for 10 minutes to reach 100°C.

12 分 Handle hot water carefully
3

Add 100 mL room-temperature water to the calorimeter. Record initial temperature.

2 分
4

Using tongs, quickly transfer the aluminum sample to the calorimeter. Stir and record max temperature.

5 分 Hot metal — use tongs
5

Calculate c(Al) = m(water)×c(water)×ΔT(water) / [m(Al)×ΔT(Al)].

5 分
6

Repeat steps 3-5 for copper and iron.

15 分
7

Compare measured values with accepted: Al=0.897, Cu=0.385, Fe=0.449 J/g°C.

5 分

予想される結果

Aluminum should give the largest temperature rise in the water (highest specific heat), followed by iron, then copper. Measured values should be within 10-20% of accepted values.

後片付け

Allow metals to cool completely. Dry and store. Pour water down the drain. Clean calorimeter.

詳細

カテゴリ
Thermochemistry
難易度
Intermediate (High School)
所要時間
40 分
推定費用
$10.00
ステップ数
7
材料
3

その他の実験

コーヒーカップ熱量測定 40 min コールドパックの化学 20 min ヘスの法則の検証 60 min マグネシウムの燃焼熱 50 min 吸熱反応のデモンストレーション 20 min 氷の融解エンタルピー 25 min 溶解は常に発熱ではない 25 min 爆弾熱量測定シミュレーション 45 min 酢酸ナトリウムの発熱結晶化 30 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 金属の比熱容量?
混合法を用いて複数の金属の比熱容量を決定し、受け入れられた値と比較する。
How difficult is 金属の比熱容量?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 金属の比熱容量?
Key safety precautions include: Hot metals and boiling water — burn risk; Use tongs to transfer hot metals; Do not touch hot metals with bare hands.
What materials are needed for 金属の比熱容量?
The main materials required are: Metal samples (Al, Cu, Fe), Distilled water, Boiling water.
What results should I expect from 金属の比熱容量?
Aluminum should give the largest temperature rise in the water (highest specific heat), followed by iron, then copper. Measured values should be within 10-20% of accepted values.