Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming)
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
概要
Methane reacts with steam over a nickel catalyst to produce synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Carbon is oxidized from -4 to +2 while hydrogen in water is reduced from +1 to 0. This highly endothermic reaction is performed at 700-1100 C and 15-30 atm.
参加者
| 役割 | 物質 | 係数 | 状態 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 反応物 | Methane CH₄ | 1 | (g) |
| 反応物 | Water H₂O | 1 | (g) |
| 生成物 | Carbon Monoxide CO | 1 | (g) |
| 生成物 | Hydrogen H | 3 | (g) |
日常の例
Over 95% of the world's hydrogen is produced by this reaction, supplying hydrogen for ammonia production that feeds half the world's population.
産業上の重要性
スチームメタンリフォーミングは年間5,000万トン以上の水素を製造し、主にアンモニア合成と石油精製に利用される。グリーン水素電解法との競争が激しくなる中、コスト削減とCO₂回収が研究課題。
特性
- タイプ
- Redox
- 可逆的
- はい
- エネルギー
- 吸熱性
- ΔH
- 206.0 kJ/mol
- 触媒
- Nickel on alumina
関連する反応
Iron(II) to Iron(III) Oxidation by Oxygen
Bleaching with Sodium Hypochlorite
Copper Reduction of Silver Ion
Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold
Cerium(IV) Reduction by Iron(II)
Copper Oxidation by Nitric Acid
Hypochlorite Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidizing Agent (Acidic)
Hydrogen Peroxide Disproportionation
Displacement of Hydrogen from Acid by Magnesium
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming)?
The balanced equation is: CH₄ + H₂O → CO + 3H₂.
What type of reaction is Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming)?
Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming) is a redox reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming) exothermic or endothermic?
Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 206.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Nickel on alumina).