Выращивание кристаллов сульфата меди
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Получение крупных синих кристаллов методом медленного испарения
Цель
Вырастить крупные, хорошо оформленные кристаллы пентагидрата сульфата меди методом медленного испарения, демонстрируя пересыщение и образование кристаллической решётки.
Предпосылки
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) forms beautiful blue triclinic crystals. By preparing a saturated solution and allowing it to evaporate slowly over several days, large single crystals can be grown. The process demonstrates concepts of solubility, supersaturation, and crystal nucleation.
Предупреждения по безопасности
- Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested
- Wear gloves when handling the solution
- Wash hands thoroughly after the experiment
- Do not dispose of copper sulfate down the drain
Требуемые СИЗ
Материалы
-
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (50 g)Blue crystals
-
Distilled water (200 mL)Hot
-
Thread or fishing line (30 cm)For seed crystal
-
Pencil or stick (1)To suspend seed crystal
Оборудование
Процедура
Heat 200 mL of distilled water to 60-70°C. Add copper sulfate gradually while stirring until no more dissolves (saturated solution).
Filter the hot saturated solution through filter paper to remove any undissolved particles.
Pour a small amount into a petri dish and allow it to cool. Select the best small crystal as a seed crystal after 24 hours.
Tie the seed crystal to a thread and suspend it from a pencil placed across the top of the beaker of saturated solution.
Cover the beaker loosely with filter paper to allow slow evaporation. Place in a vibration-free location.
Check daily for crystal growth. Remove any small crystals that form on the thread or beaker walls.
Ожидаемые результаты
After 1-2 weeks, the seed crystal should grow into a large blue crystal (1-3 cm) with well-defined facets. The crystal has a triclinic shape with distinct flat faces. Faster evaporation produces many small crystals; slower produces fewer, larger ones.
Уборка
Collect excess copper sulfate solution and solid for reuse or proper disposal in heavy metal waste. Do not pour down the drain.
Детали
- Категория
- Crystallization
- Сложность
- Beginner (Middle School)
- Продолжительность
- 30 мин
- Прим. стоимость
- $8,00
- Шаги
- 6
- Материалы
- 4