Выращивание кристаллов сульфата меди

Получение крупных синих кристаллов методом медленного испарения

Crystallization Beginner (Middle School) 30 мин ~$8,00

Цель

Вырастить крупные, хорошо оформленные кристаллы пентагидрата сульфата меди методом медленного испарения, демонстрируя пересыщение и образование кристаллической решётки.

Предпосылки

Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) forms beautiful blue triclinic crystals. By preparing a saturated solution and allowing it to evaporate slowly over several days, large single crystals can be grown. The process demonstrates concepts of solubility, supersaturation, and crystal nucleation.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested
  • Wear gloves when handling the solution
  • Wash hands thoroughly after the experiment
  • Do not dispose of copper sulfate down the drain

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles gloves

Материалы

  • Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (50 g)
    Blue crystals
  • Distilled water (200 mL)
    Hot
  • Thread or fishing line (30 cm)
    For seed crystal
  • Pencil or stick (1)
    To suspend seed crystal

Оборудование

400 mL beaker Hot plate Stirring rod Filter paper Funnel

Процедура

1

Heat 200 mL of distilled water to 60-70°C. Add copper sulfate gradually while stirring until no more dissolves (saturated solution).

10 мин Wear gloves — copper sulfate is toxic
2

Filter the hot saturated solution through filter paper to remove any undissolved particles.

5 мин
3

Pour a small amount into a petri dish and allow it to cool. Select the best small crystal as a seed crystal after 24 hours.

5 мин
4

Tie the seed crystal to a thread and suspend it from a pencil placed across the top of the beaker of saturated solution.

5 мин
5

Cover the beaker loosely with filter paper to allow slow evaporation. Place in a vibration-free location.

2 мин
6

Check daily for crystal growth. Remove any small crystals that form on the thread or beaker walls.

3 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

After 1-2 weeks, the seed crystal should grow into a large blue crystal (1-3 cm) with well-defined facets. The crystal has a triclinic shape with distinct flat faces. Faster evaporation produces many small crystals; slower produces fewer, larger ones.

Уборка

Collect excess copper sulfate solution and solid for reuse or proper disposal in heavy metal waste. Do not pour down the drain.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Выращивание кристаллов сульфата меди?
Вырастить крупные, хорошо оформленные кристаллы пентагидрата сульфата меди методом медленного испарения, демонстрируя пересыщение и образование кристаллической решётки.
How difficult is Выращивание кристаллов сульфата меди?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Выращивание кристаллов сульфата меди?
Key safety precautions include: Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested; Wear gloves when handling the solution; Wash hands thoroughly after the experiment.
What materials are needed for Выращивание кристаллов сульфата меди?
The main materials required are: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, Distilled water, Thread or fishing line, Pencil or stick.
What results should I expect from Выращивание кристаллов сульфата меди?
After 1-2 weeks, the seed crystal should grow into a large blue crystal (1-3 cm) with well-defined facets. The crystal has a triclinic shape with distinct flat faces. Faster evaporation produces many small crystals; slower produces fewer, larger ones.