Перекристаллизация бензойной кислоты

Очистка твёрдого вещества растворением в горячем растворителе и охлаждением

Crystallization Intermediate (High School) 45 мин ~$10,00

Цель

Очистить загрязнённую бензойную кислоту перекристаллизацией из горячей воды, демонстрируя стандартный метод очистки органических твёрдых веществ.

Предпосылки

Recrystallization exploits the difference in solubility of a substance at different temperatures. Benzoic acid is very soluble in hot water but nearly insoluble in cold water. By dissolving impure benzoic acid in hot water and cooling slowly, pure crystals form while impurities remain in solution.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Handle hot water and hot glassware with care
  • Benzoic acid dust can irritate airways
  • Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot flasks

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles lab_coat

Материалы

  • Impure benzoic acid (3 g)
    Mixed with charcoal or sand
  • Distilled water (200 mL)
  • Activated charcoal (0.5 g)
    Optional, for decolorization

Оборудование

250 mL Erlenmeyer flask Hot plate Buchner funnel Filter flask Vacuum pump Melting point apparatus Ice bath Watch glass

Процедура

1

Weigh 3 g of impure benzoic acid and record the mass. Note the appearance (color, particle size).

3 мин
2

Add the impure sample to 100 mL of distilled water in the Erlenmeyer flask. Heat to boiling while stirring.

8 мин Handle hot flask with care
3

If the solution is colored, add 0.5 g activated charcoal, swirl, and filter hot through fluted filter paper.

5 мин
4

Allow the clear filtrate to cool slowly to room temperature. Do not disturb.

15 мин
5

Cool further in an ice bath to maximize crystal yield.

5 мин
6

Collect the crystals by vacuum filtration. Wash with a small amount of ice-cold water.

5 мин
7

Dry the crystals on a watch glass. Weigh and calculate percent recovery.

3 мин
8

Determine the melting point (pure benzoic acid: 122°C) and compare with the impure sample.

5 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

White, needle-like crystals with a sharp melting point at 121-123°C. Typical recovery is 60-80%. The purified crystals should be whiter and have a sharper melting point than the crude material.

Уборка

Dispose of filtrate down the drain (benzoic acid is food-grade). Rinse glassware. Dispose of charcoal in solid waste.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Перекристаллизация бензойной кислоты?
Очистить загрязнённую бензойную кислоту перекристаллизацией из горячей воды, демонстрируя стандартный метод очистки органических твёрдых веществ.
How difficult is Перекристаллизация бензойной кислоты?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Перекристаллизация бензойной кислоты?
Key safety precautions include: Handle hot water and hot glassware with care; Benzoic acid dust can irritate airways; Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot flasks.
What materials are needed for Перекристаллизация бензойной кислоты?
The main materials required are: Impure benzoic acid, Distilled water, Activated charcoal.
What results should I expect from Перекристаллизация бензойной кислоты?
White, needle-like crystals with a sharp melting point at 121-123°C. Typical recovery is 60-80%. The purified crystals should be whiter and have a sharper melting point than the crude material.