Пересыщение и мгновенная кристаллизация
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Запуск мгновенного кристаллообразования в ацетате натрия
Цель
Приготовить пересыщенный раствор ацетата натрия и вызвать мгновенную кристаллизацию, демонстрируя метастабильное пересыщение и экзотермическую кристаллизацию (горячий лёд).
Предпосылки
Sodium acetate trihydrate can form extremely supersaturated solutions that remain liquid until disturbed. Adding a single seed crystal or scratching the container wall triggers rapid crystallization throughout the solution, releasing heat (exothermic). The resulting solid resembles ice but is warm to the touch.
Предупреждения по безопасности
- The solution gets hot when it crystallizes — handle with care
- Sodium acetate is generally safe but avoid ingestion
- Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot solution
Требуемые СИЗ
Материалы
-
Sodium acetate trihydrate (100 g)Or make from vinegar + baking soda
-
Distilled water (10 mL)Minimal amount
Оборудование
Процедура
Add 100 g sodium acetate trihydrate and 10 mL water to the beaker. Heat while stirring until all crystals dissolve (about 70°C).
Remove from heat and allow to cool to room temperature undisturbed. Do not shake or add anything.
Once cooled, the solution should remain liquid despite being supersaturated. Measure the temperature.
Drop a single small crystal of sodium acetate into the solution and observe the rapid crystallization wave.
Immediately measure the temperature of the newly formed crystals. Note the temperature increase (exothermic).
The process is reversible — reheat to dissolve and repeat.
Ожидаемые результаты
When triggered, crystallization should sweep through the solution in seconds, forming a solid mass of warm crystals (hence "hot ice"). The temperature typically rises 10-20°C above room temperature. This is the principle behind reusable hand warmers.
Уборка
Sodium acetate is reusable. Simply reheat to dissolve. Can be disposed down the drain. Rinse equipment.
Детали
- Категория
- Crystallization
- Сложность
- Intermediate (High School)
- Продолжительность
- 35 мин
- Прим. стоимость
- $8,00
- Шаги
- 6
- Материалы
- 2