Пересыщение и мгновенная кристаллизация

Запуск мгновенного кристаллообразования в ацетате натрия

Crystallization Intermediate (High School) 35 мин ~$8,00

Цель

Приготовить пересыщенный раствор ацетата натрия и вызвать мгновенную кристаллизацию, демонстрируя метастабильное пересыщение и экзотермическую кристаллизацию (горячий лёд).

Предпосылки

Sodium acetate trihydrate can form extremely supersaturated solutions that remain liquid until disturbed. Adding a single seed crystal or scratching the container wall triggers rapid crystallization throughout the solution, releasing heat (exothermic). The resulting solid resembles ice but is warm to the touch.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • The solution gets hot when it crystallizes — handle with care
  • Sodium acetate is generally safe but avoid ingestion
  • Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot solution

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles

Материалы

  • Sodium acetate trihydrate (100 g)
    Or make from vinegar + baking soda
  • Distilled water (10 mL)
    Minimal amount

Оборудование

250 mL beaker or flask Hot plate Stirring rod Thermometer

Процедура

1

Add 100 g sodium acetate trihydrate and 10 mL water to the beaker. Heat while stirring until all crystals dissolve (about 70°C).

8 мин Handle hot solution carefully
2

Remove from heat and allow to cool to room temperature undisturbed. Do not shake or add anything.

15 мин
3

Once cooled, the solution should remain liquid despite being supersaturated. Measure the temperature.

2 мин
4

Drop a single small crystal of sodium acetate into the solution and observe the rapid crystallization wave.

2 мин
5

Immediately measure the temperature of the newly formed crystals. Note the temperature increase (exothermic).

2 мин Crystals will be warm
6

The process is reversible — reheat to dissolve and repeat.

5 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

When triggered, crystallization should sweep through the solution in seconds, forming a solid mass of warm crystals (hence "hot ice"). The temperature typically rises 10-20°C above room temperature. This is the principle behind reusable hand warmers.

Уборка

Sodium acetate is reusable. Simply reheat to dissolve. Can be disposed down the drain. Rinse equipment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Пересыщение и мгновенная кристаллизация?
Приготовить пересыщенный раствор ацетата натрия и вызвать мгновенную кристаллизацию, демонстрируя метастабильное пересыщение и экзотермическую кристаллизацию (горячий лёд).
How difficult is Пересыщение и мгновенная кристаллизация?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Пересыщение и мгновенная кристаллизация?
Key safety precautions include: The solution gets hot when it crystallizes — handle with care; Sodium acetate is generally safe but avoid ingestion; Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot solution.
What materials are needed for Пересыщение и мгновенная кристаллизация?
The main materials required are: Sodium acetate trihydrate, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Пересыщение и мгновенная кристаллизация?
When triggered, crystallization should sweep through the solution in seconds, forming a solid mass of warm crystals (hence "hot ice"). The temperature typically rises 10-20°C above room temperature. This is the principle behind reusable hand warmers.