معايرة حمض-قاعدة بالفينولفثالين

تحديد تركيز حمض باستخدام قاعدة قياسية

Titrations Intermediate (High School) 45 دقيقة ~$15,00

الهدف

تحديد تركيز محلول حمض الهيدروكلوريك المجهول بمعايرته بمحلول هيدروكسيد الصوديوم القياسي، مستخدماً الفينولفثالين كدليل.

الخلفية

This classic acid-base titration demonstrates stoichiometric neutralization. HCl reacts with NaOH in a 1:1 molar ratio. Phenolphthalein turns pink above pH 8.2, providing a clear endpoint. Accurate burette technique and multiple trials are essential for reliable results.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • NaOH is corrosive — avoid skin and eye contact
  • HCl is corrosive — handle with care
  • Wear safety goggles throughout
  • Wash any spills immediately with water

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles gloves lab_coat

المواد

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (100 mL)
    Unknown concentration
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (100 mL)
    0.1M standardized
  • Phenolphthalein indicator (5 mL)
    1% in ethanol
  • Distilled water (500 mL)
    For rinsing

المعدات

50 mL burette Burette stand and clamp 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask 25 mL pipette Pipette filler White tile Wash bottle

الإجراء

1

Rinse the burette with a small amount of NaOH solution, then fill it to the 0 mL mark. Record the exact starting volume.

5 دقيقة Handle NaOH carefully
2

Using the pipette and filler, transfer exactly 25.0 mL of the unknown HCl solution into the Erlenmeyer flask.

3 دقيقة
3

Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask. The solution should remain colorless (acidic).

1 دقيقة
4

Place the flask on the white tile under the burette. Begin adding NaOH slowly while swirling the flask continuously.

5 دقيقة
5

As the endpoint approaches (pink color lingers longer), add NaOH drop by drop until a permanent pale pink color persists for 30 seconds.

5 دقيقة
6

Record the final burette reading. Calculate the volume of NaOH used.

2 دقيقة
7

Repeat the titration at least two more times for concordant results (within 0.10 mL).

15 دقيقة
8

Calculate the concentration of HCl using: C(HCl) = C(NaOH) x V(NaOH) / V(HCl).

5 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

The endpoint should show a clear transition from colorless to a persistent pale pink. Concordant titre values (within 0.10 mL) indicate good technique. The calculated concentration should match the expected value within experimental error.

التنظيف

Drain the burette and rinse with distilled water. Neutralize waste solutions before disposal. Rinse all glassware thoroughly.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of معايرة حمض-قاعدة بالفينولفثالين?
تحديد تركيز محلول حمض الهيدروكلوريك المجهول بمعايرته بمحلول هيدروكسيد الصوديوم القياسي، مستخدماً الفينولفثالين كدليل.
How difficult is معايرة حمض-قاعدة بالفينولفثالين?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for معايرة حمض-قاعدة بالفينولفثالين?
Key safety precautions include: NaOH is corrosive — avoid skin and eye contact; HCl is corrosive — handle with care; Wear safety goggles throughout.
What materials are needed for معايرة حمض-قاعدة بالفينولفثالين?
The main materials required are: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Phenolphthalein indicator, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from معايرة حمض-قاعدة بالفينولفثالين?
The endpoint should show a clear transition from colorless to a persistent pale pink. Concordant titre values (within 0.10 mL) indicate good technique. The calculated concentration should match the expected value within experimental error.