معايرة حمض-قاعدة بالفينولفثالين
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تحديد تركيز حمض باستخدام قاعدة قياسية
الهدف
تحديد تركيز محلول حمض الهيدروكلوريك المجهول بمعايرته بمحلول هيدروكسيد الصوديوم القياسي، مستخدماً الفينولفثالين كدليل.
الخلفية
This classic acid-base titration demonstrates stoichiometric neutralization. HCl reacts with NaOH in a 1:1 molar ratio. Phenolphthalein turns pink above pH 8.2, providing a clear endpoint. Accurate burette technique and multiple trials are essential for reliable results.
تحذيرات السلامة
- NaOH is corrosive — avoid skin and eye contact
- HCl is corrosive — handle with care
- Wear safety goggles throughout
- Wash any spills immediately with water
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (100 mL)Unknown concentration
-
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (100 mL)0.1M standardized
-
Phenolphthalein indicator (5 mL)1% in ethanol
-
Distilled water (500 mL)For rinsing
المعدات
الإجراء
Rinse the burette with a small amount of NaOH solution, then fill it to the 0 mL mark. Record the exact starting volume.
Using the pipette and filler, transfer exactly 25.0 mL of the unknown HCl solution into the Erlenmeyer flask.
Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask. The solution should remain colorless (acidic).
Place the flask on the white tile under the burette. Begin adding NaOH slowly while swirling the flask continuously.
As the endpoint approaches (pink color lingers longer), add NaOH drop by drop until a permanent pale pink color persists for 30 seconds.
Record the final burette reading. Calculate the volume of NaOH used.
Repeat the titration at least two more times for concordant results (within 0.10 mL).
Calculate the concentration of HCl using: C(HCl) = C(NaOH) x V(NaOH) / V(HCl).
النتائج المتوقعة
The endpoint should show a clear transition from colorless to a persistent pale pink. Concordant titre values (within 0.10 mL) indicate good technique. The calculated concentration should match the expected value within experimental error.
التنظيف
Drain the burette and rinse with distilled water. Neutralize waste solutions before disposal. Rinse all glassware thoroughly.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Titrations
- الصعوبة
- Intermediate (High School)
- المدة
- 45 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $15,00
- الخطوات
- 8
- المواد
- 4