معايرة المؤشر المزدوج لخليط الكربونات-البيكربونات
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استخدام مؤشرين لتحليل خليط الكربونات
الهدف
تحليل خليط من كربونات الصوديوم وبيكربونات الصوديوم بمعايرته بحمض HCl مستخدماً مؤشرين بالتسلسل: الفينولفثالين والميثيل البرتقالي.
الخلفية
A mixture of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ has two equivalence points when titrated with acid. Phenolphthalein detects the first (CO₂³⁻ → HCO₃⁻), and methyl orange detects the second (HCO₃⁻ → H₂CO₃). By comparing the volumes at each endpoint, the individual concentrations can be calculated.
تحذيرات السلامة
- HCl is corrosive
- Wear safety goggles throughout
- Handle indicators carefully — they stain
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Sodium carbonate/bicarbonate mixture (100 mL)Unknown composition
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (100 mL)0.1M standardized
-
Phenolphthalein indicator (5 mL)
-
Methyl orange indicator (5 mL)
-
Distilled water (200 mL)
المعدات
الإجراء
Pipette 25.0 mL of the carbonate/bicarbonate mixture into the flask.
Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein. The solution should turn pink.
Fill the burette with 0.1M HCl. Record the initial volume.
Titrate until the pink color disappears (first endpoint). Record volume V₁.
Without refilling the burette, add 2-3 drops of methyl orange to the same flask.
Continue titrating until the color changes from yellow to orange/salmon (second endpoint). Record total volume V₂.
Repeat the entire process for concordant results.
Calculate: V(phenolphthalein) = V₁, V(methyl orange only) = V₂ - V₁. Use these to find the individual concentrations of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃.
النتائج المتوقعة
V₁ corresponds to the carbonate content, and (V₂ - V₁) includes both the remaining carbonate reaction and the original bicarbonate. For pure carbonate, V₂ - V₁ = V₁. Any excess indicates bicarbonate present.
التنظيف
Neutralize waste solutions before disposal. Rinse all glassware thoroughly.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Titrations
- الصعوبة
- Advanced (University)
- المدة
- 55 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $14,00
- الخطوات
- 8
- المواد
- 5