Синтез бананового масла (изоамилацетата)
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Получение эфира, отвечающего за банановый аромат
Цель
Синтезировать изоамилацетат (банановое масло) реакцией Фишера уксусной кислоты с изоамиловым спиртом, показав, как сложные эфиры создают фруктовые ароматы.
Предпосылки
Isoamyl acetate is the ester responsible for the characteristic smell of bananas. It is synthesized by the acid-catalyzed reaction of isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid. This experiment demonstrates ester formation, liquid-liquid extraction, and the connection between molecular structure and sensory properties.
Предупреждения по безопасности
- Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive
- Glacial acetic acid causes burns
- Isoamyl alcohol is flammable
- Work in a fume hood throughout
Требуемые СИЗ
Материалы
-
Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) (5 mL)
-
Glacial acetic acid (7 mL)Excess
-
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (1 mL)Concentrated, catalyst
-
Sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)5%
-
Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)Drying agent
Оборудование
Процедура
Add 5 mL isoamyl alcohol and 7 mL glacial acetic acid to the round-bottom flask with boiling chips.
Slowly add 1 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst.
Attach reflux condenser and heat at gentle reflux for 60 minutes.
Cool and transfer to a separating funnel. Add 25 mL water and shake.
Wash the organic layer with 25 mL of 5% NaHCO₃. Vent frequently.
Dry the organic layer over Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes. Filter and smell by wafting.
Calculate the yield and record the banana-like aroma.
Ожидаемые результаты
A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.
Уборка
Dispose of organic waste in designated containers. Neutralize acid waste. Rinse glassware with acetone then water.
Детали
- Категория
- Organic Synthesis
- Сложность
- Advanced (University)
- Продолжительность
- 90 мин
- Прим. стоимость
- $22,00
- Шаги
- 7
- Материалы
- 5