Синтез аспирина (ацетилсалициловой кислоты)

Получение одного из самых распространённых лекарств в мире

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 мин ~$15,00

Цель

Синтезировать аспирин (ацетилсалициловую кислоту) путём ацетилирования салициловой кислоты уксусным ангидридом и оценить чистоту продукта по температуре плавления.

Предпосылки

Aspirin synthesis is a classic organic chemistry experiment. Salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst to form acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid. The product is purified by recrystallization and verified by melting point (135°C for pure aspirin).

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Acetic anhydride is corrosive and has a pungent odor — work in fume hood
  • Phosphoric acid is corrosive
  • Do not consume the synthesized aspirin
  • Wear gloves and goggles

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles gloves lab_coat

Материалы

  • Salicylic acid (2 g)
  • Acetic anhydride (5 mL)
    Corrosive, pungent
  • Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) (5 drops)
    85%, catalyst
  • Distilled water (100 mL)
    Ice-cold for crystallization
  • Ethanol (10 mL)
    For recrystallization

Оборудование

Erlenmeyer flask (125 mL) Hot water bath (beaker) Buchner funnel Filter flask Vacuum pump Melting point apparatus Thermometer Ice bath

Процедура

1

Weigh 2.0 g of salicylic acid into the Erlenmeyer flask. Record the exact mass.

3 мин
2

In a fume hood, add 5 mL of acetic anhydride and 5 drops of phosphoric acid catalyst.

3 мин Acetic anhydride is corrosive and pungent
3

Heat the flask in a water bath at 70-80°C for 15 minutes, swirling occasionally.

15 мин
4

Remove from heat and carefully add 20 mL of cold water to decompose excess acetic anhydride.

3 мин Exothermic — add water slowly
5

Cool the flask in an ice bath until crystals form. Scratch the flask wall with a glass rod to initiate crystallization.

10 мин
6

Collect the crude product by vacuum filtration using the Buchner funnel. Wash with cold water.

10 мин
7

Recrystallize: dissolve the crude product in 5 mL warm ethanol, add 15 mL warm water, then cool slowly in ice bath.

15 мин
8

Collect purified crystals by vacuum filtration. Dry and determine the melting point.

10 мин
9

Calculate the percent yield. Pure aspirin melts at 135°C.

5 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

White needle-like crystals with a melting point of 134-136°C (pure aspirin is 135°C). Typical yield is 70-90%. A depressed or broad melting range indicates impurities (likely unreacted salicylic acid).

Уборка

Dispose of organic waste in designated containers. Do not consume the product. Rinse all glassware.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Синтез аспирина (ацетилсалициловой кислоты)?
Синтезировать аспирин (ацетилсалициловую кислоту) путём ацетилирования салициловой кислоты уксусным ангидридом и оценить чистоту продукта по температуре плавления.
How difficult is Синтез аспирина (ацетилсалициловой кислоты)?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Синтез аспирина (ацетилсалициловой кислоты)?
Key safety precautions include: Acetic anhydride is corrosive and has a pungent odor — work in fume hood; Phosphoric acid is corrosive; Do not consume the synthesized aspirin.
What materials are needed for Синтез аспирина (ацетилсалициловой кислоты)?
The main materials required are: Salicylic acid, Acetic anhydride, Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), Distilled water, Ethanol.
What results should I expect from Синтез аспирина (ацетилсалициловой кислоты)?
White needle-like crystals with a melting point of 134-136°C (pure aspirin is 135°C). Typical yield is 70-90%. A depressed or broad melting range indicates impurities (likely unreacted salicylic acid).