Химия холодных пакетов
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Изучение эндотермического растворения нитрата аммония
Цель
Измерить изменение температуры при растворении нитрата аммония в воде, демонстрируя эндотермический процесс растворения, используемый в одноразовых холодных пакетах.
Предпосылки
Ammonium nitrate dissolves endothermically in water, absorbing heat from the surroundings and causing a significant temperature drop. This principle is used in commercial instant cold packs for first aid. The dissolution has ΔH = +25.7 kJ/mol.
Предупреждения по безопасности
- Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer — keep away from organic materials and heat
- Do not mix with anything other than water for this experiment
- Wear goggles
Требуемые СИЗ
Материалы
-
Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) (30 g)Or from a commercial cold pack
-
Distilled water (100 mL)Room temperature
Оборудование
Процедура
Add 100 mL of distilled water to the polystyrene cup calorimeter. Record the initial temperature.
Weigh 30 g of ammonium nitrate.
Add the ammonium nitrate to the water. Stir gently to dissolve.
Record the temperature every 30 seconds as it drops. Note the minimum temperature.
Feel the outside of the cup — it should feel cold.
Calculate ΔH of dissolution per mole: q = mcΔT, n = mass/M(NH₄NO₃), ΔH = q/n.
Ожидаемые результаты
Temperature should drop 15-20°C. 30 g NH₄NO₃ = 0.375 mol. q = 100 × 4.18 × ΔT. Calculated ΔH should be approximately +25 kJ/mol (±15%).
Уборка
The ammonium nitrate solution is safe to dispose down the drain (dilute). Rinse the calorimeter.
Детали
- Категория
- Thermochemistry
- Сложность
- Beginner (Middle School)
- Продолжительность
- 20 мин
- Прим. стоимость
- $6,00
- Шаги
- 6
- Материалы
- 2