Экзотермическая кристаллизация ацетата натрия

Измерение тепла, выделяемого при мгновенной кристаллизации

Thermochemistry Intermediate (High School) 30 мин ~$8,00

Цель

Количественно определить тепло, выделяемое при кристаллизации пересыщенного ацетата натрия, методом калориметрии.

Предпосылки

When supersaturated sodium acetate crystallizes, it releases stored energy as heat. By triggering crystallization inside a calorimeter and measuring the temperature rise, the enthalpy of crystallization can be determined. This is the same principle used in reusable hand warmers.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Hot solution during preparation
  • Crystallization releases heat — container gets warm

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles

Материалы

  • Sodium acetate trihydrate (80 g)
  • Distilled water (150 mL)

Оборудование

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Hot plate Thermometer Beaker (250 mL) Stirring rod

Процедура

1

Dissolve 80 g sodium acetate trihydrate in 20 mL water by heating to about 70°C. Stir until clear.

8 мин Handle hot solution carefully
2

Pour the solution into the polystyrene cup calorimeter. Allow to cool undisturbed to room temperature.

15 мин
3

Record the temperature of the supersaturated solution.

1 мин
4

Add a single small crystal of sodium acetate to trigger crystallization. Immediately stir gently and record temperature every 15 seconds.

3 мин
5

Record the maximum temperature reached.

1 мин
6

Calculate the heat released: q = mcΔT. Determine ΔH of crystallization per mole.

5 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

Temperature should rise 15-25°C above room temperature. The enthalpy of crystallization is approximately -19.7 kJ/mol for sodium acetate trihydrate. Measured values should be within 20% of this.

Уборка

The sodium acetate can be remelted and reused. Rinse the calorimeter. Non-toxic — can go down the drain.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Экзотермическая кристаллизация ацетата натрия?
Количественно определить тепло, выделяемое при кристаллизации пересыщенного ацетата натрия, методом калориметрии.
How difficult is Экзотермическая кристаллизация ацетата натрия?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Экзотермическая кристаллизация ацетата натрия?
Key safety precautions include: Hot solution during preparation; Crystallization releases heat — container gets warm.
What materials are needed for Экзотермическая кристаллизация ацетата натрия?
The main materials required are: Sodium acetate trihydrate, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Экзотермическая кристаллизация ацетата натрия?
Temperature should rise 15-25°C above room temperature. The enthalpy of crystallization is approximately -19.7 kJ/mol for sodium acetate trihydrate. Measured values should be within 20% of this.