Демонстрация эндотермической реакции

Холодная реакция гидроксида бария с тиоцианатом аммония

Thermochemistry Intermediate (High School) 20 мин ~$12,00

Цель

Продемонстрировать резко эндотермическую реакцию, при которой смесь охлаждается настолько, что замораживает воду на внешней стенке колбы.

Предпосылки

When barium hydroxide octahydrate reacts with ammonium thiocyanate, the temperature drops to approximately -20°C. This endothermic reaction absorbs so much heat from the surroundings that water on the outside of the flask freezes, effectively gluing the flask to a wet board.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Barium compounds are toxic if ingested
  • Ammonia gas is released — work in fume hood or ventilated area
  • Wear gloves when handling barium hydroxide
  • Do not inhale the ammonia fumes

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles gloves lab_coat

Материалы

  • Barium hydroxide octahydrate (32 g)
    Toxic
  • Ammonium thiocyanate (16 g)
  • Water (5 mL)
    On the board

Оборудование

250 mL Erlenmeyer flask Wooden board Thermometer Stirring rod

Процедура

1

Pour a few drops of water onto the wooden board to create a wet spot.

1 мин
2

Add 32 g barium hydroxide octahydrate to the flask.

2 мин Wear gloves — barium is toxic
3

Add 16 g ammonium thiocyanate to the flask. Stir the mixture with a glass rod.

2 мин Ammonia released — ventilation
4

Place the flask on the wet spot on the board. Insert the thermometer.

1 мин
5

Observe the temperature dropping dramatically. Record the minimum temperature.

5 мин Do not inhale fumes
6

After 5 minutes, try to lift the flask. It should be frozen to the board.

2 мин
7

Explain that the reaction absorbed heat from the surroundings, freezing the water beneath.

2 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

The temperature should drop to approximately -20°C within minutes. The flask should freeze to the wet board. A strong smell of ammonia confirms the reaction is proceeding.

Уборка

Allow to warm to room temperature. Dispose of barium waste in heavy metal waste container. Rinse flask and ventilate area thoroughly.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Демонстрация эндотермической реакции?
Продемонстрировать резко эндотермическую реакцию, при которой смесь охлаждается настолько, что замораживает воду на внешней стенке колбы.
How difficult is Демонстрация эндотермической реакции?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 20 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Демонстрация эндотермической реакции?
Key safety precautions include: Barium compounds are toxic if ingested; Ammonia gas is released — work in fume hood or ventilated area; Wear gloves when handling barium hydroxide.
What materials are needed for Демонстрация эндотермической реакции?
The main materials required are: Barium hydroxide octahydrate, Ammonium thiocyanate, Water.
What results should I expect from Демонстрация эндотермической реакции?
The temperature should drop to approximately -20°C within minutes. The flask should freeze to the wet board. A strong smell of ammonia confirms the reaction is proceeding.