15 P 30.974 u

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주기
3
15
블록
p-블록
상 (표준 상태)
Solid

인은 DNA, RNA, ATP에 존재하는 생명 필수 원소이다. 백린과 적린을 비롯한 여러 동소체로 존재한다.

외관: 밀랍 같은 흰색(백린)

인 개요

Discovered by the alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669, phosphorus was among the first elements isolated in the modern era. It is a reactive nonmetal of atomic number 15 and atomic mass 30.974, appearing most familiarly as a waxy white solid that melts at 317 K. Five valence electrons ([Ne] 3s2 3p3) give an electronegativity of 2.19 and a first ionization energy of 1012 kJ/mol. The element exists in several allotropic forms, including white and red phosphorus. Phosphorus is essential to life, forming part of DNA, RNA, and the energy carrier ATP. It sits in group 15, period 3, below nitrogen.

물리적 성질

원자 질량 30.974 u
밀도 1.82 g/cm³
녹는점 44.2 °C
끓는점 280.6 °C
표준 상태에서의 상 Solid
원자 반지름 98.0 pm

전자적 성질

전기 음성도 2.19
이온화 에너지 1011.8 eV
전자 친화도 72.0 eV
원자가 전자 5

전자 배치

배치 [Ne] 3s² 3p³

전자껍질 배치

인의 전자껍질 배치 P 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 5e⁻
인의 전자껍질 구조 — 껍질별 전자 수.
껍질 전자
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 5

주기율표에서의 위치

주기율표에서 인의 위치 P

발견

발견자: Hennig Brand
연도: 1669

인을(를) 포함하는 화합물

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 인?
인 (P) is a chemical element with atomic number 15. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 비금속.
What are the key properties of 인?
인 has an atomic mass of 30.974 u, density of 1.82 g/cm³, melting point of 44.2°C, boiling point of 280.6°C.
What is the electron configuration of 인?
The electron configuration of 인 is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered 인?
인 was discovered by Hennig Brand in 1669.
What is the electronegativity of 인?
인 has an electronegativity of 2.19 on the Pauling scale.