活动性序列验证

通过置换反应测试金属活泼性

Electrochemistry Beginner (Middle School) 30 分钟 ~$12.00

目标

通过测试金属能否从溶液中置换其他金属来验证电化学活动性序列。

背景

A more reactive (more easily oxidized) metal will displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution. By testing multiple combinations, students can experimentally construct the activity series: Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag.

安全警告

  • Silver nitrate stains skin permanently
  • Copper sulfate is toxic
  • Wear gloves when handling solutions

所需PPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Zinc strips (3 pieces)
    Small pieces
  • Iron nails (3)
    Clean steel nails
  • Copper strips (3 pieces)
  • Copper(II) sulfate solution (50 mL)
    0.1M
  • Iron(II) sulfate solution (50 mL)
    0.1M
  • Zinc sulfate solution (50 mL)
    0.1M
  • Silver nitrate solution (30 mL)
    0.1M

设备

Test tubes and rack Sandpaper Forceps Timer

步骤

1

Sand all metal pieces until shiny to remove oxide layers.

3 分钟
2

Place 10 mL of each metal salt solution into labeled test tubes. You need: CuSO₄, FeSO₄, ZnSO₄, and AgNO₃.

3 分钟 Wear gloves
3

Test zinc in CuSO₄ solution. Observe for 5 minutes and record changes on the metal and in the solution.

5 分钟
4

Test iron in CuSO₄ solution. Observe and record.

5 分钟
5

Test copper in ZnSO₄ solution. Observe and record (expect no reaction).

5 分钟
6

Test copper in AgNO₃ solution. Observe silver crystals forming on the copper.

5 分钟
7

Compile results into a reactivity table and rank the metals from most to least reactive.

4 分钟

预期结果

Zinc displaces copper (blue solution fades, copper deposits on zinc). Iron displaces copper (blue fades slower). Copper does not displace zinc. Copper displaces silver (silver crystals grow). Order: Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag.

清理

Collect silver waste separately in heavy metal container. Dispose of copper waste properly. Rinse metal pieces and test tubes.

详情

类别
Electrochemistry
难度
Beginner (Middle School)
时长
30 分钟
预估费用
$12.00
步骤数
7
材料
7

更多实验

丹尼尔电池的构建 45 min 伏打电池电动势测量 60 min 柠檬电池 20 min 水的电解 40 min 浓差电池 45 min 硫酸铜电解 50 min 铜电镀 60 min 防锈方法比较 30 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 活动性序列验证?
通过测试金属能否从溶液中置换其他金属来验证电化学活动性序列。
How difficult is 活动性序列验证?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 活动性序列验证?
Key safety precautions include: Silver nitrate stains skin permanently; Copper sulfate is toxic; Wear gloves when handling solutions.
What materials are needed for 活动性序列验证?
The main materials required are: Zinc strips, Iron nails, Copper strips, Copper(II) sulfate solution, Iron(II) sulfate solution.
What results should I expect from 活动性序列验证?
Zinc displaces copper (blue solution fades, copper deposits on zinc). Iron displaces copper (blue fades slower). Copper does not displace zinc. Copper displaces silver (silver crystals grow). Order: Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag.