铜电镀

在金属物体上沉积薄铜层

Electrochemistry Intermediate (High School) 60 分钟 ~$15.00

目标

对金属钥匙或硬币进行铜电镀，演示电沉积工业过程和法拉第定律。

背景

Electroplating uses electrolysis to deposit a thin layer of metal onto a conductive surface. The object to be plated is made the cathode, and the plating metal (copper) is the anode. Copper ions from the solution are reduced and deposited on the cathode surface.

安全警告

  • Copper sulfate solution is toxic
  • Dilute sulfuric acid is corrosive
  • Wear gloves and goggles
  • Handle electrical connections with care

所需PPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) (200 mL)
    1M solution
  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (10 mL)
    Dilute, to improve conductivity
  • Copper strip or sheet (1 piece)
    Anode
  • Metal key or coin (1)
    Object to plate (cathode)
  • Acetone or alcohol (20 mL)
    For cleaning the object

设备

DC power supply (3-6V) Beaker (400 mL) Wires with alligator clips Sandpaper Analytical balance

步骤

1

Clean the object (key/coin) by sanding lightly and degreasing with acetone. A clean surface is critical for good plating.

5 分钟 Acetone is flammable
2

Weigh the clean object on the analytical balance and record the mass.

2 分钟
3

Prepare the plating solution: 200 mL of 1M CuSO₄ with 5 mL of dilute H₂SO₄.

3 分钟 Wear gloves
4

Suspend the copper strip (anode) and the object (cathode) in the solution, connected to the power supply.

5 分钟
5

Set the power supply to 3V and turn it on. Observe the copper being deposited on the cathode.

2 分钟
6

Allow plating to continue for 30 minutes. Periodically check that gas bubbles are minimal (indicates correct voltage).

30 分钟
7

Turn off the power supply. Remove the plated object, rinse with water, and dry gently.

3 分钟
8

Weigh the plated object. Calculate the mass of copper deposited and compare with Faraday's law prediction.

5 分钟

预期结果

A smooth, shiny copper coating should cover the object. The mass increase should correlate with Faraday's law: m = (M x I x t) / (n x F), where M is molar mass of Cu, I is current, t is time, n=2, and F is Faraday's constant.

清理

Dispose of copper sulfate solution in heavy metal waste. Rinse all equipment. Clean the copper anode for reuse.

详情

类别
Electrochemistry
难度
Intermediate (High School)
时长
60 分钟
预估费用
$15.00
步骤数
8
材料
5

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 铜电镀?
对金属钥匙或硬币进行铜电镀，演示电沉积工业过程和法拉第定律。
How difficult is 铜电镀?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 60 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 铜电镀?
Key safety precautions include: Copper sulfate solution is toxic; Dilute sulfuric acid is corrosive; Wear gloves and goggles.
What materials are needed for 铜电镀?
The main materials required are: Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄), Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), Copper strip or sheet, Metal key or coin, Acetone or alcohol.
What results should I expect from 铜电镀?
A smooth, shiny copper coating should cover the object. The mass increase should correlate with Faraday's law: m = (M x I x t) / (n x F), where M is molar mass of Cu, I is current, t is time, n=2, and F is Faraday's constant.