硫酸铜晶体的培育

通过缓慢蒸发生长大型蓝色晶体

Crystallization Beginner (Middle School) 30 分钟 ~$8.00

目标

用缓慢蒸发法培育大而完整的硫酸铜五水合物晶体，演示过饱和和晶格形成。

背景

Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) forms beautiful blue triclinic crystals. By preparing a saturated solution and allowing it to evaporate slowly over several days, large single crystals can be grown. The process demonstrates concepts of solubility, supersaturation, and crystal nucleation.

安全警告

  • Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested
  • Wear gloves when handling the solution
  • Wash hands thoroughly after the experiment
  • Do not dispose of copper sulfate down the drain

所需PPE

goggles gloves

材料

  • Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (50 g)
    Blue crystals
  • Distilled water (200 mL)
    Hot
  • Thread or fishing line (30 cm)
    For seed crystal
  • Pencil or stick (1)
    To suspend seed crystal

设备

400 mL beaker Hot plate Stirring rod Filter paper Funnel

步骤

1

Heat 200 mL of distilled water to 60-70°C. Add copper sulfate gradually while stirring until no more dissolves (saturated solution).

10 分钟 Wear gloves — copper sulfate is toxic
2

Filter the hot saturated solution through filter paper to remove any undissolved particles.

5 分钟
3

Pour a small amount into a petri dish and allow it to cool. Select the best small crystal as a seed crystal after 24 hours.

5 分钟
4

Tie the seed crystal to a thread and suspend it from a pencil placed across the top of the beaker of saturated solution.

5 分钟
5

Cover the beaker loosely with filter paper to allow slow evaporation. Place in a vibration-free location.

2 分钟
6

Check daily for crystal growth. Remove any small crystals that form on the thread or beaker walls.

3 分钟

预期结果

After 1-2 weeks, the seed crystal should grow into a large blue crystal (1-3 cm) with well-defined facets. The crystal has a triclinic shape with distinct flat faces. Faster evaporation produces many small crystals; slower produces fewer, larger ones.

清理

Collect excess copper sulfate solution and solid for reuse or proper disposal in heavy metal waste. Do not pour down the drain.

详情

类别
Crystallization
难度
Beginner (Middle School)
时长
30 分钟
预估费用
$8.00
步骤数
6
材料
4

更多实验

明矾晶体的培育 30 min 水杨酸苯酯的结晶 30 min 盐与沙的分步结晶 35 min 糖晶体（冰糖） 25 min 苯甲酸的重结晶纯化 45 min 过饱和与瞬间结晶 35 min 铋彩虹晶体的培育 45 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 硫酸铜晶体的培育?
用缓慢蒸发法培育大而完整的硫酸铜五水合物晶体，演示过饱和和晶格形成。
How difficult is 硫酸铜晶体的培育?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 硫酸铜晶体的培育?
Key safety precautions include: Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested; Wear gloves when handling the solution; Wash hands thoroughly after the experiment.
What materials are needed for 硫酸铜晶体的培育?
The main materials required are: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, Distilled water, Thread or fishing line, Pencil or stick.
What results should I expect from 硫酸铜晶体的培育?
After 1-2 weeks, the seed crystal should grow into a large blue crystal (1-3 cm) with well-defined facets. The crystal has a triclinic shape with distinct flat faces. Faster evaporation produces many small crystals; slower produces fewer, larger ones.