Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold

Au + 3HCl + HNO3 → HAuCl4 + NO + 2H2O

概述

Aqua regia (3:1 mixture of HCl and HNO₃) dissolves gold, which is inert to either acid alone. Nitric acid oxidizes gold to Au³⁺ while hydrochloric acid provides chloride ions that stabilize the gold as [AuCl₄]⁻ complex. The synergy between the two acids makes aqua regia effective against noble metals.

参与者

角色 物质 系数 状态
反应物 Gold Au 1 (s)
反应物 Nitric Acid HNO₃ 1 (aq)
反应物 Hydrochloric Acid HCl 3 (aq)
产物 Water H₂O 2 (l)

日常示例

During WWII, George de Hevesy dissolved the Nobel Prize gold medals of Max von Laue and James Franck in aqua regia to hide them from the Nazis.

工业重要性

王水用于黄金精炼、分析化学中溶解贵金属,以及从电子废弃物中回收贵金属。

属性

类型
Redox
可逆
否
能量
放热
ΔH
-150.0 kJ/mol

相关反应

Iron(II) to Iron(III) Oxidation by Oxygen Bleaching with Sodium Hypochlorite Copper Reduction of Silver Ion Cerium(IV) Reduction by Iron(II) Chlorine Oxidation of Bromide Copper Oxidation by Nitric Acid Hypochlorite Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidizing Agent (Acidic) Zinc Reduction of Silver Ion Displacement of Hydrogen from Acid by Magnesium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold?
The balanced equation is: Au + 3HCl + HNO₃ → HAuCl₄ + NO + 2H₂O.
What type of reaction is Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold?
Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold is a redox reaction.
Is Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold exothermic or endothermic?
Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -150.0 kJ/mol.