Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)
2Al2O3 + 3C → 4Al + 3CO2
概述
Alumina (Al₂O₃) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) at 960°C and electrolyzed using carbon anodes. Aluminum is deposited at the cathode and oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form CO₂. Independently invented by Charles Hall and Paul Héroult in 1886, this process reduced aluminum from a precious metal to a commodity.
参与者
| 角色 | 物质 | 系数 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 反应物 | Aluminum Oxide Al₂O₃ | 2 | (l) |
| 反应物 | Carbon C | 3 | (s) |
| 产物 | Carbon Dioxide CO₂ | 3 | (g) |
| 产物 | Aluminum Al | 4 | (l) |
日常示例
Every piece of aluminum foil, beverage can, and airplane wing was produced by the Hall-Héroult process.
工业重要性
霍尔-赫鲁特电解法是唯一的工业炼铝方法，每生产1吨铝约消耗13-14 MWh电力。全球年产铝超6500万吨，中国占全球产量约60%。
属性
- 可逆
- 否
- 能量
- 吸热
- ΔH
- 2168.0 kJ/mol
- 催化剂
- Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
The balanced equation is: 2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂.
What type of reaction is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is a electrochemical reaction.
Is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) exothermic or endothermic?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 2168.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent).