Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)

2Al2O3 + 3C → 4Al + 3CO2

概述

Alumina (Al₂O₃) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) at 960°C and electrolyzed using carbon anodes. Aluminum is deposited at the cathode and oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form CO₂. Independently invented by Charles Hall and Paul Héroult in 1886, this process reduced aluminum from a precious metal to a commodity.

参与者

角色 物质 系数 状态
反应物 Aluminum Oxide Al₂O₃ 2 (l)
反应物 Carbon C 3 (s)
产物 Carbon Dioxide CO₂ 3 (g)
产物 Aluminum Al 4 (l)

日常示例

Every piece of aluminum foil, beverage can, and airplane wing was produced by the Hall-Héroult process.

工业重要性

霍尔-赫鲁特电解法是唯一的工业炼铝方法，每生产1吨铝约消耗13-14 MWh电力。全球年产铝超6500万吨，中国占全球产量约60%。

属性

类型
Electrochemical
可逆
否
能量
吸热
ΔH
2168.0 kJ/mol
催化剂
Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent

相关反应

Electrolysis of Water Electrolytic Production of Chlorate Electrorefining of Copper Alkaline Battery Discharge Anodizing of Aluminum Cathodic Protection (Zinc Sacrificial Anode) Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis Chrome Electroplating Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to CO

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
The balanced equation is: 2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂.
What type of reaction is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is a electrochemical reaction.
Is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) exothermic or endothermic?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 2168.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent).