قياس الحرارة بكأس القهوة

قياس حرارة التعادل باستخدام مقياس حرارة بسيط

Thermochemistry Intermediate (High School) 40 دقيقة ~$8,00

الهدف

تحديد حرارة تعادل HCl وNaOH باستخدام مقياس حرارة كأس البوليستايرين.

الخلفية

A polystyrene cup makes an inexpensive but effective calorimeter because it has low thermal conductivity. By mixing known volumes of acid and base and measuring the temperature change, the enthalpy of neutralization can be calculated. The accepted value for strong acid-strong base neutralization is -57.1 kJ/mol.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • HCl and NaOH are corrosive
  • Wear safety goggles
  • The mixture will get hot

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles gloves lab_coat

المواد

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (50 mL)
    1M
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (50 mL)
    1M
  • Distilled water (100 mL)
    For calibration

المعدات

Two polystyrene (Styrofoam) cups (nested) Cardboard lid with hole Thermometer (0.1°C resolution) Graduated cylinder (50 mL) Stopwatch

الإجراء

1

Measure 50 mL of 1M HCl and pour into the nested polystyrene cups. Record the initial temperature every 30 seconds for 3 minutes.

5 دقيقة HCl is corrosive
2

Measure 50 mL of 1M NaOH in a separate container. Record its temperature.

2 دقيقة NaOH is corrosive
3

Quickly pour the NaOH into the HCl, stir gently, and replace the lid with thermometer.

1 دقيقة Exothermic reaction
4

Record the temperature every 30 seconds for 5 minutes. Note the maximum temperature.

5 دقيقة
5

Plot temperature vs time. Extrapolate the cooling curve back to the mixing time to find the corrected maximum temperature.

5 دقيقة
6

Calculate ΔT, then q = mcΔT (assume c = 4.18 J/g°C, mass = 100 g). Calculate ΔH per mole of water formed.

8 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

Temperature should rise by approximately 6-7°C. Calculated ΔH should be approximately -50 to -57 kJ/mol (accepted: -57.1 kJ/mol). Losses to the calorimeter walls typically give lower values.

التنظيف

The neutralized solution is safe to pour down the drain. Rinse and dry the calorimeter cups for reuse.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of قياس الحرارة بكأس القهوة?
تحديد حرارة تعادل HCl وNaOH باستخدام مقياس حرارة كأس البوليستايرين.
How difficult is قياس الحرارة بكأس القهوة?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for قياس الحرارة بكأس القهوة?
Key safety precautions include: HCl and NaOH are corrosive; Wear safety goggles; The mixture will get hot.
What materials are needed for قياس الحرارة بكأس القهوة?
The main materials required are: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from قياس الحرارة بكأس القهوة?
Temperature should rise by approximately 6-7°C. Calculated ΔH should be approximately -50 to -57 kJ/mol (accepted: -57.1 kJ/mol). Losses to the calorimeter walls typically give lower values.