إظهار التفاعل الماص للحرارة

تفاعل هيدروكسيد الباريوم وثيوسيانات الأمونيوم البارد

Thermochemistry Intermediate (High School) 20 دقيقة ~$12,00

الهدف

إظهار تفاعل ماص للحرارة بشكل مثير حيث يصبح الخليط بارداً بما يكفي لتجميد الماء على الجانب الخارجي للقارورة.

الخلفية

When barium hydroxide octahydrate reacts with ammonium thiocyanate, the temperature drops to approximately -20°C. This endothermic reaction absorbs so much heat from the surroundings that water on the outside of the flask freezes, effectively gluing the flask to a wet board.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • Barium compounds are toxic if ingested
  • Ammonia gas is released — work in fume hood or ventilated area
  • Wear gloves when handling barium hydroxide
  • Do not inhale the ammonia fumes

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles gloves lab_coat

المواد

  • Barium hydroxide octahydrate (32 g)
    Toxic
  • Ammonium thiocyanate (16 g)
  • Water (5 mL)
    On the board

المعدات

250 mL Erlenmeyer flask Wooden board Thermometer Stirring rod

الإجراء

1

Pour a few drops of water onto the wooden board to create a wet spot.

1 دقيقة
2

Add 32 g barium hydroxide octahydrate to the flask.

2 دقيقة Wear gloves — barium is toxic
3

Add 16 g ammonium thiocyanate to the flask. Stir the mixture with a glass rod.

2 دقيقة Ammonia released — ventilation
4

Place the flask on the wet spot on the board. Insert the thermometer.

1 دقيقة
5

Observe the temperature dropping dramatically. Record the minimum temperature.

5 دقيقة Do not inhale fumes
6

After 5 minutes, try to lift the flask. It should be frozen to the board.

2 دقيقة
7

Explain that the reaction absorbed heat from the surroundings, freezing the water beneath.

2 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

The temperature should drop to approximately -20°C within minutes. The flask should freeze to the wet board. A strong smell of ammonia confirms the reaction is proceeding.

التنظيف

Allow to warm to room temperature. Dispose of barium waste in heavy metal waste container. Rinse flask and ventilate area thoroughly.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of إظهار التفاعل الماص للحرارة?
إظهار تفاعل ماص للحرارة بشكل مثير حيث يصبح الخليط بارداً بما يكفي لتجميد الماء على الجانب الخارجي للقارورة.
How difficult is إظهار التفاعل الماص للحرارة?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 20 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for إظهار التفاعل الماص للحرارة?
Key safety precautions include: Barium compounds are toxic if ingested; Ammonia gas is released — work in fume hood or ventilated area; Wear gloves when handling barium hydroxide.
What materials are needed for إظهار التفاعل الماص للحرارة?
The main materials required are: Barium hydroxide octahydrate, Ammonium thiocyanate, Water.
What results should I expect from إظهار التفاعل الماص للحرارة?
The temperature should drop to approximately -20°C within minutes. The flask should freeze to the wet board. A strong smell of ammonia confirms the reaction is proceeding.