السعة الحرارية النوعية للمعادن

مقارنة السعات الحرارية للألمنيوم والنحاس والحديد

Thermochemistry Intermediate (High School) 40 دقيقة ~$10,00

الهدف

تحديد السعة الحرارية النوعية لعدة معادن باستخدام طريقة الخلائط ومقارنتها بالقيم المقبولة.

الخلفية

The specific heat capacity of a metal can be determined by heating a known mass of metal to a known temperature, then transferring it to water in a calorimeter and measuring the temperature change. Energy conservation (q_metal = -q_water) allows calculation of the metal's specific heat.

تحذيرات السلامة

  • Hot metals and boiling water — burn risk
  • Use tongs to transfer hot metals
  • Do not touch hot metals with bare hands

معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة

goggles lab_coat

المواد

  • Metal samples (Al, Cu, Fe) (50 g each)
    Cylindrical pieces work best
  • Distilled water (300 mL)
  • Boiling water (500 mL)
    For heating metals

المعدات

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Beaker (600 mL) Hot plate Thermometer (2) Analytical balance Tongs String

الإجراء

1

Weigh each metal sample accurately. Record masses.

3 دقيقة
2

Place all metals in boiling water for 10 minutes to reach 100°C.

12 دقيقة Handle hot water carefully
3

Add 100 mL room-temperature water to the calorimeter. Record initial temperature.

2 دقيقة
4

Using tongs, quickly transfer the aluminum sample to the calorimeter. Stir and record max temperature.

5 دقيقة Hot metal — use tongs
5

Calculate c(Al) = m(water)×c(water)×ΔT(water) / [m(Al)×ΔT(Al)].

5 دقيقة
6

Repeat steps 3-5 for copper and iron.

15 دقيقة
7

Compare measured values with accepted: Al=0.897, Cu=0.385, Fe=0.449 J/g°C.

5 دقيقة

النتائج المتوقعة

Aluminum should give the largest temperature rise in the water (highest specific heat), followed by iron, then copper. Measured values should be within 10-20% of accepted values.

التنظيف

Allow metals to cool completely. Dry and store. Pour water down the drain. Clean calorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of السعة الحرارية النوعية للمعادن?
تحديد السعة الحرارية النوعية لعدة معادن باستخدام طريقة الخلائط ومقارنتها بالقيم المقبولة.
How difficult is السعة الحرارية النوعية للمعادن?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for السعة الحرارية النوعية للمعادن?
Key safety precautions include: Hot metals and boiling water — burn risk; Use tongs to transfer hot metals; Do not touch hot metals with bare hands.
What materials are needed for السعة الحرارية النوعية للمعادن?
The main materials required are: Metal samples (Al, Cu, Fe), Distilled water, Boiling water.
What results should I expect from السعة الحرارية النوعية للمعادن?
Aluminum should give the largest temperature rise in the water (highest specific heat), followed by iron, then copper. Measured values should be within 10-20% of accepted values.