السعة الحرارية النوعية للمعادن
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مقارنة السعات الحرارية للألمنيوم والنحاس والحديد
الهدف
تحديد السعة الحرارية النوعية لعدة معادن باستخدام طريقة الخلائط ومقارنتها بالقيم المقبولة.
الخلفية
The specific heat capacity of a metal can be determined by heating a known mass of metal to a known temperature, then transferring it to water in a calorimeter and measuring the temperature change. Energy conservation (q_metal = -q_water) allows calculation of the metal's specific heat.
تحذيرات السلامة
- Hot metals and boiling water — burn risk
- Use tongs to transfer hot metals
- Do not touch hot metals with bare hands
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Metal samples (Al, Cu, Fe) (50 g each)Cylindrical pieces work best
-
Distilled water (300 mL)
-
Boiling water (500 mL)For heating metals
المعدات
الإجراء
Weigh each metal sample accurately. Record masses.
Place all metals in boiling water for 10 minutes to reach 100°C.
Add 100 mL room-temperature water to the calorimeter. Record initial temperature.
Using tongs, quickly transfer the aluminum sample to the calorimeter. Stir and record max temperature.
Calculate c(Al) = m(water)×c(water)×ΔT(water) / [m(Al)×ΔT(Al)].
Repeat steps 3-5 for copper and iron.
Compare measured values with accepted: Al=0.897, Cu=0.385, Fe=0.449 J/g°C.
النتائج المتوقعة
Aluminum should give the largest temperature rise in the water (highest specific heat), followed by iron, then copper. Measured values should be within 10-20% of accepted values.
التنظيف
Allow metals to cool completely. Dry and store. Pour water down the drain. Clean calorimeter.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Thermochemistry
- الصعوبة
- Intermediate (High School)
- المدة
- 40 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $10,00
- الخطوات
- 7
- المواد
- 3