Закон Шарля с воздушным шаром

Измерение изменения объёма газа при изменении температуры

Gas Laws Beginner (Middle School) 30 мин ~$5,00

Цель

Продемонстрировать закон Шарля, измеряя длину окружности надутого воздухом шара при различных температурах.

Предпосылки

Charles's law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (Kelvin). By heating and cooling a balloon and measuring its size, the linear relationship between V and T can be confirmed.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Handle hot water carefully
  • Do not use boiling water directly on the balloon

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles

Материалы

  • Latex balloons (3)
    Same size
  • String (1 m)
    For measuring circumference
  • Ice (1 kg)
  • Hot water (2 L)
    Various temperatures

Оборудование

Large containers (3) Thermometer Ruler or tape measure Timer

Процедура

1

Inflate a balloon to a moderate size and tie it off. Measure its circumference at room temperature with string.

3 мин
2

Prepare three water baths: ice water (~5°C), room temperature (~22°C), and hot water (~60°C).

5 мин Handle hot water carefully
3

Submerge the balloon in ice water for 5 minutes. Remove and quickly measure circumference. Record temperature.

7 мин
4

Return the balloon to room temperature water for 5 minutes. Measure circumference.

7 мин
5

Submerge in hot water for 5 minutes. Measure circumference. Record temperature.

7 мин
6

Convert temperatures to Kelvin. Plot V (proportional to circumference³) vs T(K). Extrapolate to find absolute zero.

5 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

The balloon should be visibly smaller in ice water and larger in hot water. Plotting estimated volume vs absolute temperature should give a straight line. Extrapolating to zero volume should approximate -273°C (absolute zero).

Уборка

Drain water baths. Pop and dispose of balloons. Clean up any spills.

Детали

Категория
Gas Laws
Сложность
Beginner (Middle School)
Продолжительность
30 мин
Прим. стоимость
$5,00
Шаги
6
Материалы
4

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Закон Шарля с воздушным шаром?
Продемонстрировать закон Шарля, измеряя длину окружности надутого воздухом шара при различных температурах.
How difficult is Закон Шарля с воздушным шаром?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Закон Шарля с воздушным шаром?
Key safety precautions include: Handle hot water carefully; Do not use boiling water directly on the balloon.
What materials are needed for Закон Шарля с воздушным шаром?
The main materials required are: Latex balloons, String, Ice, Hot water.
What results should I expect from Закон Шарля с воздушным шаром?
The balloon should be visibly smaller in ice water and larger in hot water. Plotting estimated volume vs absolute temperature should give a straight line. Extrapolating to zero volume should approximate -273°C (absolute zero).