Газовая стехиометрия с магнием

Расчёт молярного объёма при реакции Mg с HCl

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 40 мин ~$8,00

Цель

Определить молярный объём водорода при комнатных условиях, взаимодействуя известную массу магниевой ленты с избытком соляной кислоты.

Предпосылки

When magnesium reacts with HCl, hydrogen gas is produced: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. By measuring the mass of Mg used and the volume of H₂ collected, the molar volume at room conditions can be calculated and compared with the theoretical value at STP (22.4 L/mol).

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Hydrogen is flammable — no flames
  • Handle glassware carefully

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles gloves lab_coat

Материалы

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.1 g)
    Accurately weighed
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (30 mL)
    2M, excess
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

Оборудование

Eudiometer tube or graduated cylinder (50 mL) Pneumatic trough Copper wire cage Rubber stopper Analytical balance Thermometer Barometer

Процедура

1

Weigh a 3-4 cm strip of magnesium ribbon accurately. Record mass to 0.001 g.

3 мин
2

Roll the Mg ribbon and secure it in a copper wire cage attached to a rubber stopper.

3 мин
3

Fill the eudiometer tube with 2M HCl. Insert the stopper+Mg assembly, inverting the tube into the trough.

5 мин Handle acid carefully
4

Allow the reaction to complete. All the Mg should dissolve, producing H₂ gas that collects at the top.

10 мин No flames nearby
5

Equalize water levels inside and outside the tube. Read the gas volume at the meniscus.

3 мин
6

Record room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

2 мин
7

Correct for water vapor pressure. Calculate moles of H₂ from Mg mass. Determine molar volume.

8 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).

Уборка

Neutralize remaining HCl with NaHCO₃. Dispose down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Газовая стехиометрия с магнием?
Определить молярный объём водорода при комнатных условиях, взаимодействуя известную массу магниевой ленты с избытком соляной кислоты.
How difficult is Газовая стехиометрия с магнием?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Газовая стехиометрия с магнием?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Hydrogen is flammable — no flames; Handle glassware carefully.
What materials are needed for Газовая стехиометрия с магнием?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Газовая стехиометрия с магнием?
0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).