Получение водорода

Получение и сбор водорода из цинка и кислоты

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 35 мин ~$10,00

Цель

Получить водород из реакции цинка с соляной кислотой и собрать его методом вытеснения воды.

Предпосылки

When zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂. The gas can be collected by water displacement in an inverted graduated cylinder, allowing volume measurement and mole calculations.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby
  • HCl is corrosive
  • Work in a well-ventilated area
  • Do not seal the system completely — pressure buildup risk

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles gloves lab_coat

Материалы

  • Zinc granules (5 g)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (50 mL)
    2M
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

Оборудование

Erlenmeyer flask (250 mL) Rubber stopper with delivery tube Pneumatic trough or large bowl Graduated cylinder (100 mL) Rubber tubing

Процедура

1

Fill the pneumatic trough with water. Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it, and place it in the trough.

5 мин
2

Place 5 g zinc granules in the Erlenmeyer flask.

2 мин
3

Add 50 mL of 2M HCl to the flask. Quickly insert the rubber stopper with delivery tube.

2 мин HCl is corrosive
4

Direct the delivery tube under the inverted graduated cylinder. Collect the hydrogen gas by water displacement.

10 мин No flames — hydrogen is flammable
5

When the reaction slows, record the volume of gas collected. Note temperature and atmospheric pressure.

3 мин
6

Optionally, perform the squeaky pop test: bring a lit splint near a small collection of H₂.

3 мин Very small amount only
7

Calculate moles of H₂ using ideal gas law and compare with moles predicted from zinc mass.

5 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.

Уборка

Neutralize remaining acid with sodium bicarbonate. Dispose of zinc chloride solution down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

Детали

Категория
Gas Laws
Сложность
Intermediate (High School)
Продолжительность
35 мин
Прим. стоимость
$10,00
Шаги
7
Материалы
3

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Получение водорода?
Получить водород из реакции цинка с соляной кислотой и собрать его методом вытеснения воды.
How difficult is Получение водорода?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Получение водорода?
Key safety precautions include: Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby; HCl is corrosive; Work in a well-ventilated area.
What materials are needed for Получение водорода?
The main materials required are: Zinc granules, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Получение водорода?
5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.