Сборка элемента Даниэля

Создание классического цинк-медного гальванического элемента

Electrochemistry Intermediate (High School) 45 мин ~$20,00

Цель

Собрать элемент Даниэля, измерить стандартный потенциал ячейки и наблюдать электрохимические реакции на каждом электроде.

Предпосылки

The Daniell cell is a classic electrochemical cell that uses zinc and copper half-cells connected by a salt bridge. Zinc is oxidized at the anode while copper ions are reduced at the cathode. The theoretical cell potential is 1.10 V under standard conditions.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested
  • Wear gloves when handling copper sulfate solution
  • Handle hot agar solution with care

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles gloves lab_coat

Материалы

  • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) (100 mL)
    1M solution
  • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) (100 mL)
    1M solution
  • Zinc strip (1 piece)
    Sanded clean
  • Copper strip (1 piece)
    Sanded clean
  • Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) (10 g)
    For salt bridge
  • Agar powder (2 g)
    For salt bridge
  • Insulated wire with clips (50 cm)

Оборудование

Two 250 mL beakers U-tube or cotton wick Multimeter Sandpaper Hot plate

Процедура

1

Prepare the salt bridge: dissolve 5 g KNO₃ and 2 g agar in 30 mL hot water. Pour into a U-tube and allow to set.

10 мин Handle hot liquids carefully
2

Sand the zinc and copper strips until shiny to ensure good contact.

3 мин
3

Pour 100 mL of 1M ZnSO₄ into one beaker and 100 mL of 1M CuSO₄ into the other.

2 мин Wear gloves for CuSO₄
4

Place the zinc strip in the ZnSO₄ solution and the copper strip in the CuSO₄ solution.

2 мин
5

Connect the two beakers with the salt bridge.

2 мин
6

Connect the multimeter between the zinc (negative) and copper (positive) terminals. Measure the cell voltage.

3 мин
7

Observe both electrodes over 15 minutes. Note any color changes in the solutions and deposits on the electrodes.

15 мин
8

Record the voltage and observations. Compare the measured EMF with the theoretical value of 1.10 V.

5 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

The cell should produce approximately 1.0-1.1 V. The zinc strip will slowly dissolve (oxidation), the blue CuSO₄ solution will become lighter, and copper metal will deposit on the copper strip (reduction).

Уборка

Dispose of copper sulfate solution in heavy metal waste. Rinse and dry the metal strips for reuse. Clean the salt bridge.

Детали

Категория
Electrochemistry
Сложность
Intermediate (High School)
Продолжительность
45 мин
Прим. стоимость
$20,00
Шаги
8
Материалы
7

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Сборка элемента Даниэля?
Собрать элемент Даниэля, измерить стандартный потенциал ячейки и наблюдать электрохимические реакции на каждом электроде.
How difficult is Сборка элемента Даниэля?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Сборка элемента Даниэля?
Key safety precautions include: Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested; Wear gloves when handling copper sulfate solution; Handle hot agar solution with care.
What materials are needed for Сборка элемента Даниэля?
The main materials required are: Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄), Zinc strip, Copper strip, Potassium nitrate (KNO₃).
What results should I expect from Сборка элемента Даниэля?
The cell should produce approximately 1.0-1.1 V. The zinc strip will slowly dissolve (oxidation), the blue CuSO₄ solution will become lighter, and copper metal will deposit on the copper strip (reduction).