Лимонная батарейка

Создание простого гальванического элемента из цитрусового фрукта

Electrochemistry Beginner (Middle School) 20 мин ~$5,00

Цель

Собрать простой гальванический элемент из лимона, медной монеты и цинкового гвоздя, чтобы показать, как химическая энергия превращается в электрическую.

Предпосылки

A lemon battery uses the citric acid in lemon juice as an electrolyte. The zinc nail acts as the anode (oxidation) and the copper coin as the cathode (reduction). The potential difference between zinc and copper drives electron flow through an external circuit.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • Do not eat the lemons after the experiment — they contain metal residues
  • Handle sharp nails with care

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles

Материалы

  • Fresh lemons (3)
    Large and juicy
  • Copper coins or strips (3)
    Clean pennies or Cu strips
  • Zinc-coated nails (3)
    Galvanized nails
  • Insulated copper wire (1 m)
    With alligator clips
  • LED light (1)
    Low-voltage red LED

Оборудование

Multimeter Wire strippers Alligator clips

Процедура

1

Roll each lemon on a flat surface while pressing gently to break the internal membranes and release juice.

2 мин
2

Insert a copper coin or strip into one side of each lemon and a zinc nail into the other side. Keep the metals about 3 cm apart.

3 мин Handle nails carefully
3

Use the multimeter to measure the voltage across a single lemon cell (between the copper and zinc). Record the voltage.

2 мин
4

Connect three lemons in series: zinc of lemon 1 to copper of lemon 2, zinc of lemon 2 to copper of lemon 3.

5 мин
5

Measure the total voltage of the three cells in series.

2 мин
6

Connect the LED to the free copper and zinc terminals. Observe if it lights up.

3 мин
7

Record observations about brightness and voltage over time.

3 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

Each lemon cell should produce approximately 0.9-1.0 V. Three in series should give about 2.7-3.0 V, enough to dimly light a red LED. The voltage will slowly decrease over time as the zinc is consumed.

Уборка

Remove all metal pieces from the lemons. Dispose of the lemons in the trash (not compost). Wipe down the metal pieces for reuse.

Детали

Категория
Electrochemistry
Сложность
Beginner (Middle School)
Продолжительность
20 мин
Прим. стоимость
$5,00
Шаги
7
Материалы
5

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Лимонная батарейка?
Собрать простой гальванический элемент из лимона, медной монеты и цинкового гвоздя, чтобы показать, как химическая энергия превращается в электрическую.
How difficult is Лимонная батарейка?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 20 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Лимонная батарейка?
Key safety precautions include: Do not eat the lemons after the experiment — they contain metal residues; Handle sharp nails with care.
What materials are needed for Лимонная батарейка?
The main materials required are: Fresh lemons, Copper coins or strips, Zinc-coated nails, Insulated copper wire, LED light.
What results should I expect from Лимонная батарейка?
Each lemon cell should produce approximately 0.9-1.0 V. Three in series should give about 2.7-3.0 V, enough to dimly light a red LED. The voltage will slowly decrease over time as the zinc is consumed.