Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming)

CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2

概述

Methane reacts with steam over a nickel catalyst to produce synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Carbon is oxidized from -4 to +2 while hydrogen in water is reduced from +1 to 0. This highly endothermic reaction is performed at 700-1100 C and 15-30 atm.

参与者

角色 物质 系数 状态
反应物 Methane CH₄ 1 (g)
反应物 Water H₂O 1 (g)
产物 Carbon Monoxide CO 1 (g)
产物 Hydrogen H 3 (g)

日常示例

Over 95% of the world's hydrogen is produced by this reaction, supplying hydrogen for ammonia production that feeds half the world's population.

工业重要性

甲烷蒸汽重整（SMR）每年生产逾5000万吨氢气，主要用于合成氨（哈伯法）和石油精炼（加氢裂化），占全球能源消耗约2%，是当前最主要的制氢工业技术。

属性

类型
Redox
可逆
是
能量
吸热
ΔH
206.0 kJ/mol
催化剂
Nickel on alumina

相关反应

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming)?
The balanced equation is: CH₄ + H₂O → CO + 3H₂.
What type of reaction is Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming)?
Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming) is a redox reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming) exothermic or endothermic?
Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 206.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Methane Partial Oxidation (Steam Reforming)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Nickel on alumina).