活動列の確認

置換反応で金属の反応性を試験する

Electrochemistry Beginner (Middle School) 30 分 ~$12.00

目的

金属が溶液中の他の金属を置換できるかどうかを試験し、電気化学的活動列を確認する。

背景

A more reactive (more easily oxidized) metal will displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution. By testing multiple combinations, students can experimentally construct the activity series: Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag.

安全上の警告

  • Silver nitrate stains skin permanently
  • Copper sulfate is toxic
  • Wear gloves when handling solutions

必要なPPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Zinc strips (3 pieces)
    Small pieces
  • Iron nails (3)
    Clean steel nails
  • Copper strips (3 pieces)
  • Copper(II) sulfate solution (50 mL)
    0.1M
  • Iron(II) sulfate solution (50 mL)
    0.1M
  • Zinc sulfate solution (50 mL)
    0.1M
  • Silver nitrate solution (30 mL)
    0.1M

器具

Test tubes and rack Sandpaper Forceps Timer

手順

1

Sand all metal pieces until shiny to remove oxide layers.

3 分
2

Place 10 mL of each metal salt solution into labeled test tubes. You need: CuSO₄, FeSO₄, ZnSO₄, and AgNO₃.

3 分 Wear gloves
3

Test zinc in CuSO₄ solution. Observe for 5 minutes and record changes on the metal and in the solution.

5 分
4

Test iron in CuSO₄ solution. Observe and record.

5 分
5

Test copper in ZnSO₄ solution. Observe and record (expect no reaction).

5 分
6

Test copper in AgNO₃ solution. Observe silver crystals forming on the copper.

5 分
7

Compile results into a reactivity table and rank the metals from most to least reactive.

4 分

予想される結果

Zinc displaces copper (blue solution fades, copper deposits on zinc). Iron displaces copper (blue fades slower). Copper does not displace zinc. Copper displaces silver (silver crystals grow). Order: Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag.

後片付け

Collect silver waste separately in heavy metal container. Dispose of copper waste properly. Rinse metal pieces and test tubes.

詳細

カテゴリ
Electrochemistry
難易度
Beginner (Middle School)
所要時間
30 分
推定費用
$12.00
ステップ数
7
材料
7

その他の実験

ダニエル電池の製作 45 min ボルタ電池の起電力測定 60 min レモン電池 20 min 水の電気分解 40 min 濃淡電池 45 min 硫酸銅の電気分解 50 min 銅電気めっき 60 min 防錆方法の比較 30 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 活動列の確認?
金属が溶液中の他の金属を置換できるかどうかを試験し、電気化学的活動列を確認する。
How difficult is 活動列の確認?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 活動列の確認?
Key safety precautions include: Silver nitrate stains skin permanently; Copper sulfate is toxic; Wear gloves when handling solutions.
What materials are needed for 活動列の確認?
The main materials required are: Zinc strips, Iron nails, Copper strips, Copper(II) sulfate solution, Iron(II) sulfate solution.
What results should I expect from 活動列の確認?
Zinc displaces copper (blue solution fades, copper deposits on zinc). Iron displaces copper (blue fades slower). Copper does not displace zinc. Copper displaces silver (silver crystals grow). Order: Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag.