銅電気めっき

金属物体に薄い銅層を析出させる

Electrochemistry Intermediate (High School) 60 分 ~$15.00

目的

金属の鍵やコインに銅をめっきし、電気析出の工業的プロセスとファラデーの法則を実証する。

背景

Electroplating uses electrolysis to deposit a thin layer of metal onto a conductive surface. The object to be plated is made the cathode, and the plating metal (copper) is the anode. Copper ions from the solution are reduced and deposited on the cathode surface.

安全上の警告

  • Copper sulfate solution is toxic
  • Dilute sulfuric acid is corrosive
  • Wear gloves and goggles
  • Handle electrical connections with care

必要なPPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) (200 mL)
    1M solution
  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (10 mL)
    Dilute, to improve conductivity
  • Copper strip or sheet (1 piece)
    Anode
  • Metal key or coin (1)
    Object to plate (cathode)
  • Acetone or alcohol (20 mL)
    For cleaning the object

器具

DC power supply (3-6V) Beaker (400 mL) Wires with alligator clips Sandpaper Analytical balance

手順

1

Clean the object (key/coin) by sanding lightly and degreasing with acetone. A clean surface is critical for good plating.

5 分 Acetone is flammable
2

Weigh the clean object on the analytical balance and record the mass.

2 分
3

Prepare the plating solution: 200 mL of 1M CuSO₄ with 5 mL of dilute H₂SO₄.

3 分 Wear gloves
4

Suspend the copper strip (anode) and the object (cathode) in the solution, connected to the power supply.

5 分
5

Set the power supply to 3V and turn it on. Observe the copper being deposited on the cathode.

2 分
6

Allow plating to continue for 30 minutes. Periodically check that gas bubbles are minimal (indicates correct voltage).

30 分
7

Turn off the power supply. Remove the plated object, rinse with water, and dry gently.

3 分
8

Weigh the plated object. Calculate the mass of copper deposited and compare with Faraday's law prediction.

5 分

予想される結果

A smooth, shiny copper coating should cover the object. The mass increase should correlate with Faraday's law: m = (M x I x t) / (n x F), where M is molar mass of Cu, I is current, t is time, n=2, and F is Faraday's constant.

後片付け

Dispose of copper sulfate solution in heavy metal waste. Rinse all equipment. Clean the copper anode for reuse.

詳細

カテゴリ
Electrochemistry
難易度
Intermediate (High School)
所要時間
60 分
推定費用
$15.00
ステップ数
8
材料
5

その他の実験

ダニエル電池の製作 45 min ボルタ電池の起電力測定 60 min レモン電池 20 min 水の電気分解 40 min 活動列の確認 30 min 濃淡電池 45 min 硫酸銅の電気分解 50 min 防錆方法の比較 30 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 銅電気めっき?
金属の鍵やコインに銅をめっきし、電気析出の工業的プロセスとファラデーの法則を実証する。
How difficult is 銅電気めっき?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 60 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 銅電気めっき?
Key safety precautions include: Copper sulfate solution is toxic; Dilute sulfuric acid is corrosive; Wear gloves and goggles.
What materials are needed for 銅電気めっき?
The main materials required are: Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄), Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), Copper strip or sheet, Metal key or coin, Acetone or alcohol.
What results should I expect from 銅電気めっき?
A smooth, shiny copper coating should cover the object. The mass increase should correlate with Faraday's law: m = (M x I x t) / (n x F), where M is molar mass of Cu, I is current, t is time, n=2, and F is Faraday's constant.