ダニエル電池の製作

古典的な亜鉛-銅ガルバニ電池を作る

Electrochemistry Intermediate (High School) 45 分 ~$20.00

目的

ダニエル電池を製作し、標準電池電位を測定して各電極での電気化学反応を観察する。

背景

The Daniell cell is a classic electrochemical cell that uses zinc and copper half-cells connected by a salt bridge. Zinc is oxidized at the anode while copper ions are reduced at the cathode. The theoretical cell potential is 1.10 V under standard conditions.

安全上の警告

  • Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested
  • Wear gloves when handling copper sulfate solution
  • Handle hot agar solution with care

必要なPPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) (100 mL)
    1M solution
  • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) (100 mL)
    1M solution
  • Zinc strip (1 piece)
    Sanded clean
  • Copper strip (1 piece)
    Sanded clean
  • Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) (10 g)
    For salt bridge
  • Agar powder (2 g)
    For salt bridge
  • Insulated wire with clips (50 cm)

器具

Two 250 mL beakers U-tube or cotton wick Multimeter Sandpaper Hot plate

手順

1

Prepare the salt bridge: dissolve 5 g KNO₃ and 2 g agar in 30 mL hot water. Pour into a U-tube and allow to set.

10 分 Handle hot liquids carefully
2

Sand the zinc and copper strips until shiny to ensure good contact.

3 分
3

Pour 100 mL of 1M ZnSO₄ into one beaker and 100 mL of 1M CuSO₄ into the other.

2 分 Wear gloves for CuSO₄
4

Place the zinc strip in the ZnSO₄ solution and the copper strip in the CuSO₄ solution.

2 分
5

Connect the two beakers with the salt bridge.

2 分
6

Connect the multimeter between the zinc (negative) and copper (positive) terminals. Measure the cell voltage.

3 分
7

Observe both electrodes over 15 minutes. Note any color changes in the solutions and deposits on the electrodes.

15 分
8

Record the voltage and observations. Compare the measured EMF with the theoretical value of 1.10 V.

5 分

予想される結果

The cell should produce approximately 1.0-1.1 V. The zinc strip will slowly dissolve (oxidation), the blue CuSO₄ solution will become lighter, and copper metal will deposit on the copper strip (reduction).

後片付け

Dispose of copper sulfate solution in heavy metal waste. Rinse and dry the metal strips for reuse. Clean the salt bridge.

詳細

カテゴリ
Electrochemistry
難易度
Intermediate (High School)
所要時間
45 分
推定費用
$20.00
ステップ数
8
材料
7

その他の実験

ボルタ電池の起電力測定 60 min レモン電池 20 min 水の電気分解 40 min 活動列の確認 30 min 濃淡電池 45 min 硫酸銅の電気分解 50 min 銅電気めっき 60 min 防錆方法の比較 30 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of ダニエル電池の製作?
ダニエル電池を製作し、標準電池電位を測定して各電極での電気化学反応を観察する。
How difficult is ダニエル電池の製作?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for ダニエル電池の製作?
Key safety precautions include: Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested; Wear gloves when handling copper sulfate solution; Handle hot agar solution with care.
What materials are needed for ダニエル電池の製作?
The main materials required are: Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄), Zinc strip, Copper strip, Potassium nitrate (KNO₃).
What results should I expect from ダニエル電池の製作?
The cell should produce approximately 1.0-1.1 V. The zinc strip will slowly dissolve (oxidation), the blue CuSO₄ solution will become lighter, and copper metal will deposit on the copper strip (reduction).