バナナオイル(酢酸イソアミル)の合成

バナナ風味を生み出すエステルを作る

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 分 ~$22.00

目的

酢酸とイソアミルアルコールのフィッシャー・エステル化により酢酸イソアミル(バナナオイル)を合成し、エステルが果実の香りを作る仕組みを実証する。

背景

Isoamyl acetate is the ester responsible for the characteristic smell of bananas. It is synthesized by the acid-catalyzed reaction of isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid. This experiment demonstrates ester formation, liquid-liquid extraction, and the connection between molecular structure and sensory properties.

安全上の警告

  • Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive
  • Glacial acetic acid causes burns
  • Isoamyl alcohol is flammable
  • Work in a fume hood throughout

必要なPPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) (5 mL)
  • Glacial acetic acid (7 mL)
    Excess
  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (1 mL)
    Concentrated, catalyst
  • Sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)
    5%
  • Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)
    Drying agent

器具

Round-bottom flask (100 mL) Reflux condenser Heating mantle Separating funnel Boiling chips

手順

1

Add 5 mL isoamyl alcohol and 7 mL glacial acetic acid to the round-bottom flask with boiling chips.

3 分 Fume hood required
2

Slowly add 1 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst.

2 分 Add very slowly — exothermic
3

Attach reflux condenser and heat at gentle reflux for 60 minutes.

60 分 Ensure condenser water flows
4

Cool and transfer to a separating funnel. Add 25 mL water and shake.

3 分
5

Wash the organic layer with 25 mL of 5% NaHCO₃. Vent frequently.

5 分 CO₂ produced — vent
6

Dry the organic layer over Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes. Filter and smell by wafting.

12 分 Waft — do not sniff directly
7

Calculate the yield and record the banana-like aroma.

5 分

予想される結果

A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.

後片付け

Dispose of organic waste in designated containers. Neutralize acid waste. Rinse glassware with acetone then water.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of バナナオイル(酢酸イソアミル)の合成?
酢酸とイソアミルアルコールのフィッシャー・エステル化により酢酸イソアミル(バナナオイル)を合成し、エステルが果実の香りを作る仕組みを実証する。
How difficult is バナナオイル(酢酸イソアミル)の合成?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for バナナオイル(酢酸イソアミル)の合成?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive; Glacial acetic acid causes burns; Isoamyl alcohol is flammable.
What materials are needed for バナナオイル(酢酸イソアミル)の合成?
The main materials required are: Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol), Glacial acetic acid, Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), Sodium bicarbonate solution, Anhydrous sodium sulfate.
What results should I expect from バナナオイル(酢酸イソアミル)の合成?
A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.