ルミノールの合成

3-ニトロフタル酸から化学発光化合物を作る

Organic Synthesis Professional (Lab) 120 分 ~$30.00

目的

ルミノール（3-アミノフタルヒドラジド）を合成し、過酸化水素との化学発光反応を実証する。

背景

Luminol is a chemiluminescent compound used in forensic science to detect trace amounts of blood. It is synthesized by reacting 3-nitrophthalic acid with hydrazine, followed by reduction of the nitro group with sodium dithionite. When oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst, luminol emits blue light.

安全上の警告

  • Hydrazine is toxic and a suspected carcinogen — handle with extreme care in fume hood
  • Sodium dithionite generates SO₂ — use in fume hood
  • NaOH is corrosive
  • Wear nitrile gloves and goggles throughout

必要なPPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • 3-Nitrophthalic acid (1 g)
  • Hydrazine hydrate (10%) (3 mL)
    Toxic
  • Triethylene glycol (5 mL)
    High-boiling solvent
  • Sodium dithionite (Na₂S₂O₄) (3 g)
    Reducing agent
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (5 mL)
    10% solution
  • Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (10 mL)
    3% for chemiluminescence test
  • Potassium ferricyanide (0.1 g)
    Catalyst for glow test

器具

Round-bottom flask (50 mL) Reflux condenser Hot plate Buchner funnel Filter flask Darkened room Test tubes

手順

1

Dissolve 1 g 3-nitrophthalic acid in 5 mL triethylene glycol in the round-bottom flask. Heat to 100°C.

5 分 Fume hood required
2

Add 3 mL of 10% hydrazine hydrate. Attach the reflux condenser and heat at 130-140°C for 30 minutes.

35 分 Hydrazine is toxic — fume hood essential
3

Cool the mixture. Add 15 mL hot water and 3 mL 10% NaOH.

5 分
4

Add 3 g sodium dithionite to reduce the nitro group. Heat at 80°C for 10 minutes.

12 分 SO₂ released — fume hood
5

Acidify the solution with glacial acetic acid until luminol precipitates.

5 分
6

Collect the luminol by vacuum filtration. Wash with cold water and dry.

10 分
7

Test chemiluminescence: dissolve a small amount of luminol in 5 mL of dilute NaOH. In a darkened room, add H₂O₂ and a trace of potassium ferricyanide.

5 分
8

Observe the blue glow. Record intensity and duration.

3 分

予想される結果

A pale yellow solid (luminol). When tested with H₂O₂ and ferricyanide catalyst in a dark room, an intense blue chemiluminescent glow should last for 15-30 seconds. The glow confirms successful synthesis.

後片付け

Dispose of hydrazine waste in designated hazardous waste container. Neutralize acids and bases. Rinse all glassware thoroughly. Decontaminate work area.

詳細

カテゴリ
Organic Synthesis
難易度
Professional (Lab)
所要時間
120 分
推定費用
$30.00
ステップ数
8
材料
7

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アスピリン（アセチルサリチル酸）の合成 90 min アセトアミノフェン（パラセタモール）の調製 80 min アルドール縮合（ジベンザルアセトン） 75 min スライムの合成（架橋PVA） 20 min ナイロン6,10の合成（ナイロンロープトリック） 30 min バナナオイル（酢酸イソアミル）の合成 90 min 植物油からのバイオディーゼル製造 60 min 茶からのカフェイン抽出 90 min 酢酸エチルのフィッシャー・エステル化 90 min 鹸化によるせっけん製造 60 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of ルミノールの合成?
ルミノール（3-アミノフタルヒドラジド）を合成し、過酸化水素との化学発光反応を実証する。
How difficult is ルミノールの合成?
This experiment is rated as Professional (Lab). It takes approximately 120 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for ルミノールの合成?
Key safety precautions include: Hydrazine is toxic and a suspected carcinogen — handle with extreme care in fume hood; Sodium dithionite generates SO₂ — use in fume hood; NaOH is corrosive.
What materials are needed for ルミノールの合成?
The main materials required are: 3-Nitrophthalic acid, Hydrazine hydrate (10%), Triethylene glycol, Sodium dithionite (Na₂S₂O₄), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
What results should I expect from ルミノールの合成?
A pale yellow solid (luminol). When tested with H₂O₂ and ferricyanide catalyst in a dark room, an intense blue chemiluminescent glow should last for 15-30 seconds. The glow confirms successful synthesis.