鹸化によるせっけん製造

水酸化ナトリウムを使って油脂をせっけんに変換する

Organic Synthesis Intermediate (High School) 60 分 ~$10.00

目的

植物油を水酸化ナトリウムで鹸化してせっけんを作り、トリグリセリドのエステル結合の加水分解を実証する。

背景

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of a fat or oil (triglyceride) to produce glycerol and soap (sodium salts of fatty acids). This ancient chemical reaction is the basis of all soap manufacturing and demonstrates ester bond cleavage.

安全上の警告

  • Concentrated NaOH is extremely corrosive
  • Wear nitrile gloves and goggles at all times
  • Hot oil and NaOH can cause severe burns
  • Do not use the soap on skin until it has fully cured (4-6 weeks)

必要なPPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Vegetable oil (olive or coconut) (20 mL)
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (10 mL)
    6M solution
  • Ethanol (10 mL)
    To help mix oil and base
  • Sodium chloride (NaCl) (15 g)
    Saturated solution for salting out
  • Distilled water (100 mL)

器具

250 mL beaker Hot plate Glass stirring rod Cheesecloth or filter Mold (small cup)

手順

1

Heat 20 mL of vegetable oil in the beaker to about 40°C on the hot plate.

3 分
2

Mix 10 mL of 6M NaOH with 10 mL ethanol in a separate container.

2 分 NaOH is corrosive
3

Slowly add the NaOH/ethanol mixture to the warm oil while stirring continuously.

3 分 Hot caustic mixture
4

Continue heating and stirring at 60-70°C for 20 minutes until the mixture becomes thick and opaque (trace).

20 分
5

Add 50 mL of saturated NaCl solution to salt out the soap. Stir and allow to cool.

10 分
6

Filter the solid soap through cheesecloth. Press out excess liquid.

5 分
7

Mold the soap into a shape and allow to dry for 24 hours.

3 分 Do not use on skin until fully cured
8

Test a small piece by dissolving in warm water — it should produce lather.

3 分

予想される結果

A solid, white to cream-colored soap that lathers when dissolved in water. The soap may feel slightly slippery, indicating successful saponification. Full curing takes 4-6 weeks to neutralize any remaining NaOH.

後片付け

Neutralize any remaining NaOH solution with vinegar before disposal. Rinse all glassware. Wipe down work surfaces.

詳細

カテゴリ
Organic Synthesis
難易度
Intermediate (High School)
所要時間
60 分
推定費用
$10.00
ステップ数
8
材料
5

その他の実験

アスピリン（アセチルサリチル酸）の合成 90 min アセトアミノフェン（パラセタモール）の調製 80 min アルドール縮合（ジベンザルアセトン） 75 min スライムの合成（架橋PVA） 20 min ナイロン6,10の合成（ナイロンロープトリック） 30 min バナナオイル（酢酸イソアミル）の合成 90 min ルミノールの合成 120 min 植物油からのバイオディーゼル製造 60 min 茶からのカフェイン抽出 90 min 酢酸エチルのフィッシャー・エステル化 90 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 鹸化によるせっけん製造?
植物油を水酸化ナトリウムで鹸化してせっけんを作り、トリグリセリドのエステル結合の加水分解を実証する。
How difficult is 鹸化によるせっけん製造?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 60 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 鹸化によるせっけん製造?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated NaOH is extremely corrosive; Wear nitrile gloves and goggles at all times; Hot oil and NaOH can cause severe burns.
What materials are needed for 鹸化によるせっけん製造?
The main materials required are: Vegetable oil (olive or coconut), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Ethanol, Sodium chloride (NaCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from 鹸化によるせっけん製造?
A solid, white to cream-colored soap that lathers when dissolved in water. The soap may feel slightly slippery, indicating successful saponification. Full curing takes 4-6 weeks to neutralize any remaining NaOH.