植物油からのバイオディーゼル製造
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エステル交換反応で食用油をバイオディーゼルに変換する
目的
メタノールとの塩基触媒エステル交換反応により植物油をバイオディーゼル(脂肪酸メチルエステル)に変換する。
背景
Biodiesel is produced by reacting triglycerides (vegetable oil) with methanol in the presence of a base catalyst (NaOH or KOH). The process replaces the glycerol backbone with methanol, producing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) that can fuel diesel engines. Glycerol is the byproduct.
安全上の警告
- Methanol is toxic and flammable — work in fume hood
- NaOH is corrosive
- Do not heat methanol with open flames
- Adequate ventilation is essential
必要なPPE
材料
-
Vegetable oil (100 mL)Clean cooking oil
-
Methanol (20 mL)Anhydrous
-
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (1 g)Catalyst
-
Distilled water (100 mL)For washing
器具
手順
Dissolve 1 g NaOH in 20 mL methanol to create sodium methoxide. Stir until fully dissolved.
Heat 100 mL of vegetable oil to 55°C in the Erlenmeyer flask on the hot plate.
Add the sodium methoxide/methanol solution to the warm oil. Stir vigorously.
Maintain temperature at 55-60°C and stir continuously for 30 minutes.
Transfer the mixture to a separating funnel and allow to settle for 15 minutes. Two layers should form.
Drain the lower glycerol layer (dark, viscous). The upper layer is crude biodiesel.
Wash the biodiesel layer gently with 50 mL warm distilled water. Allow to separate and drain the water.
Record the volume of biodiesel produced and calculate the conversion rate.
予想される結果
Two distinct layers: biodiesel (clear, amber upper layer) and glycerol (dark, viscous lower layer). The biodiesel should be less viscous than the original oil. Typical yield is 85-95% by volume.
後片付け
Glycerol can be disposed of down the drain (biodegradable). Dispose of methanol waste properly. Rinse glassware. The biodiesel should not be used as fuel without further purification.
詳細
- カテゴリ
- Organic Synthesis
- 難易度
- Intermediate (High School)
- 所要時間
- 60 分
- 推定費用
- $12.00
- ステップ数
- 8
- 材料
- 4