气球演示查理定律

测量气体体积随温度的变化

Gas Laws Beginner (Middle School) 30 分钟 ~$5.00

目标

通过测量充气气球在不同温度下的周长来演示查理定律。

背景

Charles's law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (Kelvin). By heating and cooling a balloon and measuring its size, the linear relationship between V and T can be confirmed.

安全警告

  • Handle hot water carefully
  • Do not use boiling water directly on the balloon

所需PPE

goggles

材料

  • Latex balloons (3)
    Same size
  • String (1 m)
    For measuring circumference
  • Ice (1 kg)
  • Hot water (2 L)
    Various temperatures

设备

Large containers (3) Thermometer Ruler or tape measure Timer

步骤

1

Inflate a balloon to a moderate size and tie it off. Measure its circumference at room temperature with string.

3 分钟
2

Prepare three water baths: ice water (~5°C), room temperature (~22°C), and hot water (~60°C).

5 分钟 Handle hot water carefully
3

Submerge the balloon in ice water for 5 minutes. Remove and quickly measure circumference. Record temperature.

7 分钟
4

Return the balloon to room temperature water for 5 minutes. Measure circumference.

7 分钟
5

Submerge in hot water for 5 minutes. Measure circumference. Record temperature.

7 分钟
6

Convert temperatures to Kelvin. Plot V (proportional to circumference³) vs T(K). Extrapolate to find absolute zero.

5 分钟

预期结果

The balloon should be visibly smaller in ice water and larger in hot water. Plotting estimated volume vs absolute temperature should give a straight line. Extrapolating to zero volume should approximate -273°C (absolute zero).

清理

Drain water baths. Pop and dispose of balloons. Clean up any spills.

详情

类别
Gas Laws
难度
Beginner (Middle School)
时长
30 分钟
预估费用
$5.00
步骤数
6
材料
4

更多实验

CO₂与石灰水测试 20 min 扩散速率比较（格雷厄姆定律） 30 min 标准状态下气体的摩尔体积 35 min 氢气的收集 35 min 玻意耳定律验证 40 min 笛卡尔潜水员 15 min 蒸气压与沸点 45 min 镁的气体化学计量学 40 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 气球演示查理定律?
通过测量充气气球在不同温度下的周长来演示查理定律。
How difficult is 气球演示查理定律?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 气球演示查理定律?
Key safety precautions include: Handle hot water carefully; Do not use boiling water directly on the balloon.
What materials are needed for 气球演示查理定律?
The main materials required are: Latex balloons, String, Ice, Hot water.
What results should I expect from 气球演示查理定律?
The balloon should be visibly smaller in ice water and larger in hot water. Plotting estimated volume vs absolute temperature should give a straight line. Extrapolating to zero volume should approximate -273°C (absolute zero).