标准状态下气体的摩尔体积

用丁烷实验测定22.4 L/mol

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 35 分钟 ~$6.00

目标

通过测量从打火机释放的气体质量和体积，测定丁烷气体在标准状态下的摩尔体积。

背景

A butane lighter releases pure C₄H₁₀ gas. By weighing the lighter before and after releasing gas into a water-displacement collection system, and measuring the volume collected, the molar volume can be calculated and compared to the theoretical 22.4 L/mol at STP.

安全警告

  • Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment
  • Ensure adequate ventilation
  • Do not inhale butane

所需PPE

goggles

材料

  • Butane lighter (1)
    Disposable, transparent preferred
  • Distilled water (1 L)
  • Ice (as needed)
    Optional, for STP correction

设备

Pneumatic trough or large container Graduated cylinder (500 mL or 1 L) Analytical balance (0.01 g) Thermometer Barometer Rubber tubing

步骤

1

Weigh the butane lighter on the analytical balance. Record the mass to 0.01 g.

2 分钟
2

Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it in the pneumatic trough.

3 分钟
3

Connect rubber tubing to the lighter nozzle. Submerge the other end under the graduated cylinder.

3 分钟 No flames nearby
4

Release butane slowly into the inverted cylinder, collecting 200-400 mL of gas.

5 分钟 Butane is flammable
5

Record the volume of gas collected. Equalize water levels first.

2 分钟
6

Reweigh the lighter. The mass difference is the mass of butane released.

2 分钟
7

Record temperature and pressure. Calculate moles of butane (M=58.12 g/mol). Correct volume to STP using combined gas law.

8 分钟
8

Calculate molar volume = V(STP)/n. Compare with theoretical 22.4 L/mol.

5 分钟

预期结果

0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.

清理

Ensure no butane remains in the room — ventilate well. Drain water apparatus. Store lighter safely.

详情

类别
Gas Laws
难度
Intermediate (High School)
时长
35 分钟
预估费用
$6.00
步骤数
8
材料
3

更多实验

CO₂与石灰水测试 20 min 扩散速率比较（格雷厄姆定律） 30 min 气球演示查理定律 30 min 氢气的收集 35 min 玻意耳定律验证 40 min 笛卡尔潜水员 15 min 蒸气压与沸点 45 min 镁的气体化学计量学 40 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 标准状态下气体的摩尔体积?
通过测量从打火机释放的气体质量和体积，测定丁烷气体在标准状态下的摩尔体积。
How difficult is 标准状态下气体的摩尔体积?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 标准状态下气体的摩尔体积?
Key safety precautions include: Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment; Ensure adequate ventilation; Do not inhale butane.
What materials are needed for 标准状态下气体的摩尔体积?
The main materials required are: Butane lighter, Distilled water, Ice.
What results should I expect from 标准状态下气体的摩尔体积?
0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.