氢气的收集

从锌和酸中生成并收集氢气

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 35 分钟 ~$10.00

目标

通过锌与盐酸的反应产生氢气，并用排水集气法收集。

背景

When zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂. The gas can be collected by water displacement in an inverted graduated cylinder, allowing volume measurement and mole calculations.

安全警告

  • Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby
  • HCl is corrosive
  • Work in a well-ventilated area
  • Do not seal the system completely — pressure buildup risk

所需PPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Zinc granules (5 g)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (50 mL)
    2M
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

设备

Erlenmeyer flask (250 mL) Rubber stopper with delivery tube Pneumatic trough or large bowl Graduated cylinder (100 mL) Rubber tubing

步骤

1

Fill the pneumatic trough with water. Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it, and place it in the trough.

5 分钟
2

Place 5 g zinc granules in the Erlenmeyer flask.

2 分钟
3

Add 50 mL of 2M HCl to the flask. Quickly insert the rubber stopper with delivery tube.

2 分钟 HCl is corrosive
4

Direct the delivery tube under the inverted graduated cylinder. Collect the hydrogen gas by water displacement.

10 分钟 No flames — hydrogen is flammable
5

When the reaction slows, record the volume of gas collected. Note temperature and atmospheric pressure.

3 分钟
6

Optionally, perform the squeaky pop test: bring a lit splint near a small collection of H₂.

3 分钟 Very small amount only
7

Calculate moles of H₂ using ideal gas law and compare with moles predicted from zinc mass.

5 分钟

预期结果

5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.

清理

Neutralize remaining acid with sodium bicarbonate. Dispose of zinc chloride solution down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

详情

类别
Gas Laws
难度
Intermediate (High School)
时长
35 分钟
预估费用
$10.00
步骤数
7
材料
3

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 氢气的收集?
通过锌与盐酸的反应产生氢气，并用排水集气法收集。
How difficult is 氢气的收集?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 氢气的收集?
Key safety precautions include: Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby; HCl is corrosive; Work in a well-ventilated area.
What materials are needed for 氢气的收集?
The main materials required are: Zinc granules, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from 氢气的收集?
5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.