乙酸乙酯的费歇尔酯化

合成带有果香的酯

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 分钟 ~$20.00

目标

在硫酸催化下，通过乙酸和乙醇的费歇尔酯化反应合成乙酸乙酯（指甲油去除剂的香气）。

背景

Fischer esterification is the acid-catalyzed condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water. The reaction is reversible, and excess alcohol is used to drive the equilibrium toward product formation. Ethyl acetate has a characteristic sweet, fruity smell and is widely used as an industrial solvent.

安全警告

  • Concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely corrosive
  • Glacial acetic acid causes burns
  • Ethanol and ethyl acetate are flammable — no open flames
  • Work in a fume hood
  • Add sulfuric acid slowly to the mixture

所需PPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • Glacial acetic acid (10 mL)
    Corrosive
  • Ethanol (absolute) (15 mL)
    Excess to drive equilibrium
  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (2 mL)
    Concentrated, catalyst
  • Sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)
    5% for washing
  • Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)
    Drying agent

设备

Round-bottom flask (100 mL) Reflux condenser Heating mantle Separating funnel Boiling chips Thermometer

步骤

1

Add 15 mL ethanol and 10 mL glacial acetic acid to the round-bottom flask with boiling chips.

3 分钟 Handle acetic acid in fume hood
2

Slowly add 2 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst. Swirl gently to mix.

3 分钟 Add acid slowly — exothermic
3

Attach the reflux condenser and heat gently at reflux for 45 minutes.

45 分钟 Ensure water is flowing through condenser
4

Cool the flask. Pour the contents into a separating funnel with 30 mL water.

5 分钟
5

Wash the organic layer with 25 mL of 5% NaHCO₃ to remove excess acid. Vent the funnel frequently.

5 分钟 CO₂ gas released — vent carefully
6

Separate the organic layer (top) and dry over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes.

12 分钟
7

Filter off the drying agent. Carefully smell the product by wafting — note the fruity aroma of ethyl acetate.

3 分钟 Never sniff directly — waft vapors toward nose
8

Calculate the yield based on the volume collected and the theoretical yield.

5 分钟

预期结果

A clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell characteristic of ethyl acetate. Typical yield is 60-70% due to the equilibrium nature of the reaction.

清理

Dispose of organic waste in the designated container. Neutralize acid waste before disposal. Rinse all glassware with acetone then water.

详情

类别
Organic Synthesis
难度
Advanced (University)
时长
90 分钟
预估费用
$20.00
步骤数
8
材料
5

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 乙酸乙酯的费歇尔酯化?
在硫酸催化下，通过乙酸和乙醇的费歇尔酯化反应合成乙酸乙酯（指甲油去除剂的香气）。
How difficult is 乙酸乙酯的费歇尔酯化?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 乙酸乙酯的费歇尔酯化?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely corrosive; Glacial acetic acid causes burns; Ethanol and ethyl acetate are flammable — no open flames.
What materials are needed for 乙酸乙酯的费歇尔酯化?
The main materials required are: Glacial acetic acid, Ethanol (absolute), Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), Sodium bicarbonate solution, Anhydrous sodium sulfate.
What results should I expect from 乙酸乙酯的费歇尔酯化?
A clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell characteristic of ethyl acetate. Typical yield is 60-70% due to the equilibrium nature of the reaction.