鲁米诺的合成

从3-硝基邻苯二甲酸制备化学发光化合物

Organic Synthesis Professional (Lab) 120 分钟 ~$30.00

目标

合成鲁米诺（3-氨基邻苯二甲酰肼），并演示其与过氧化氢的化学发光反应。

背景

Luminol is a chemiluminescent compound used in forensic science to detect trace amounts of blood. It is synthesized by reacting 3-nitrophthalic acid with hydrazine, followed by reduction of the nitro group with sodium dithionite. When oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst, luminol emits blue light.

安全警告

  • Hydrazine is toxic and a suspected carcinogen — handle with extreme care in fume hood
  • Sodium dithionite generates SO₂ — use in fume hood
  • NaOH is corrosive
  • Wear nitrile gloves and goggles throughout

所需PPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • 3-Nitrophthalic acid (1 g)
  • Hydrazine hydrate (10%) (3 mL)
    Toxic
  • Triethylene glycol (5 mL)
    High-boiling solvent
  • Sodium dithionite (Na₂S₂O₄) (3 g)
    Reducing agent
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (5 mL)
    10% solution
  • Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (10 mL)
    3% for chemiluminescence test
  • Potassium ferricyanide (0.1 g)
    Catalyst for glow test

设备

Round-bottom flask (50 mL) Reflux condenser Hot plate Buchner funnel Filter flask Darkened room Test tubes

步骤

1

Dissolve 1 g 3-nitrophthalic acid in 5 mL triethylene glycol in the round-bottom flask. Heat to 100°C.

5 分钟 Fume hood required
2

Add 3 mL of 10% hydrazine hydrate. Attach the reflux condenser and heat at 130-140°C for 30 minutes.

35 分钟 Hydrazine is toxic — fume hood essential
3

Cool the mixture. Add 15 mL hot water and 3 mL 10% NaOH.

5 分钟
4

Add 3 g sodium dithionite to reduce the nitro group. Heat at 80°C for 10 minutes.

12 分钟 SO₂ released — fume hood
5

Acidify the solution with glacial acetic acid until luminol precipitates.

5 分钟
6

Collect the luminol by vacuum filtration. Wash with cold water and dry.

10 分钟
7

Test chemiluminescence: dissolve a small amount of luminol in 5 mL of dilute NaOH. In a darkened room, add H₂O₂ and a trace of potassium ferricyanide.

5 分钟
8

Observe the blue glow. Record intensity and duration.

3 分钟

预期结果

A pale yellow solid (luminol). When tested with H₂O₂ and ferricyanide catalyst in a dark room, an intense blue chemiluminescent glow should last for 15-30 seconds. The glow confirms successful synthesis.

清理

Dispose of hydrazine waste in designated hazardous waste container. Neutralize acids and bases. Rinse all glassware thoroughly. Decontaminate work area.

详情

类别
Organic Synthesis
难度
Professional (Lab)
时长
120 分钟
预估费用
$30.00
步骤数
8
材料
7

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 鲁米诺的合成?
合成鲁米诺（3-氨基邻苯二甲酰肼），并演示其与过氧化氢的化学发光反应。
How difficult is 鲁米诺的合成?
This experiment is rated as Professional (Lab). It takes approximately 120 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 鲁米诺的合成?
Key safety precautions include: Hydrazine is toxic and a suspected carcinogen — handle with extreme care in fume hood; Sodium dithionite generates SO₂ — use in fume hood; NaOH is corrosive.
What materials are needed for 鲁米诺的合成?
The main materials required are: 3-Nitrophthalic acid, Hydrazine hydrate (10%), Triethylene glycol, Sodium dithionite (Na₂S₂O₄), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
What results should I expect from 鲁米诺的合成?
A pale yellow solid (luminol). When tested with H₂O₂ and ferricyanide catalyst in a dark room, an intense blue chemiluminescent glow should last for 15-30 seconds. The glow confirms successful synthesis.