对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）的制备

通过酰胺键形成合成镇痛药

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 80 分钟 ~$18.00

目标

通过乙酸酐对对氨基苯酚的酰化反应合成对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛），演示酰胺键的形成。

背景

Acetaminophen is one of the world's most widely used over-the-counter analgesics. Its synthesis involves the reaction of p-aminophenol with acetic anhydride to form an amide bond. The reaction is selective for the amine group over the phenol group under mild conditions.

安全警告

  • Acetic anhydride is corrosive and has a strong odor
  • p-Aminophenol can cause skin irritation
  • Do not consume the product
  • Work in a fume hood

所需PPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

材料

  • p-Aminophenol (1.5 g)
  • Acetic anhydride (2 mL)
    Corrosive
  • Distilled water (100 mL)
    Ice-cold for crystallization
  • Acetone (10 mL)
    For recrystallization

设备

250 mL Erlenmeyer flask Hot water bath Buchner funnel Filter flask Melting point apparatus Ice bath

步骤

1

Dissolve 1.5 g p-aminophenol in 15 mL distilled water in the Erlenmeyer flask. Warm gently if needed.

5 分钟 Handle p-aminophenol with gloves
2

Add 2 mL acetic anhydride to the solution. Stir vigorously for 10 minutes.

10 分钟 Fume hood — pungent vapors
3

Heat the mixture in a water bath at 70°C for 10 minutes to complete the reaction.

12 分钟
4

Cool the mixture in an ice bath until crystals form.

15 分钟
5

Collect crude product by vacuum filtration. Wash with cold water.

8 分钟
6

Recrystallize from hot water or acetone/water mixture. Cool slowly for larger crystals.

15 分钟
7

Collect purified crystals. Dry and determine melting point (pure: 168-170°C).

10 分钟
8

Calculate percent yield.

5 分钟

预期结果

White crystalline solid with melting point 167-170°C. Typical yield is 70-85%. The product should be pure white; discoloration indicates impurities from p-aminophenol oxidation.

清理

Do not consume the product. Dispose of organic waste properly. Rinse all glassware.

详情

类别
Organic Synthesis
难度
Advanced (University)
时长
80 分钟
预估费用
$18.00
步骤数
8
材料
4

更多实验

乙酸乙酯的费歇尔酯化 90 min 从植物油生产生物柴油 60 min 从茶叶中提取咖啡因 90 min 史莱姆合成（交联PVA） 20 min 尼龙6,10的制备（尼龙绳技巧） 30 min 皂化反应制皂 60 min 羟醛缩合（二苯亚苄基丙酮） 75 min 阿司匹林（乙酰水杨酸）的合成 90 min 香蕉油（乙酸异戊酯）的合成 90 min 鲁米诺的合成 120 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）的制备?
通过乙酸酐对对氨基苯酚的酰化反应合成对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛），演示酰胺键的形成。
How difficult is 对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）的制备?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 80 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）的制备?
Key safety precautions include: Acetic anhydride is corrosive and has a strong odor; p-Aminophenol can cause skin irritation; Do not consume the product.
What materials are needed for 对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）的制备?
The main materials required are: p-Aminophenol, Acetic anhydride, Distilled water, Acetone.
What results should I expect from 对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）的制备?
White crystalline solid with melting point 167-170°C. Typical yield is 70-85%. The product should be pure white; discoloration indicates impurities from p-aminophenol oxidation.