Кривая pH-титрования

Построение полной кривой кислотно-основного титрования с pH-метром

Titrations Intermediate (High School) 50 мин ~$15,00

Цель

Записать значения pH в ходе кислотно-основного титрования и построить полную S-образную кривую, показывающую точку эквивалентности и буферные области.

Предпосылки

A pH titration curve provides far more information than an indicator-based titration. The S-shaped curve reveals the buffer region, half-equivalence point (where pH equals pKa for weak acids), and the sharpness of the equivalence point. This experiment compares the curves of strong and weak acids.

Предупреждения по безопасности

  • HCl and NaOH are corrosive
  • Wear safety goggles and gloves
  • Handle the pH electrode carefully — it is fragile

Требуемые СИЗ

goggles gloves lab_coat

Материалы

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (50 mL)
    0.1M
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (100 mL)
    0.1M
  • pH buffer solutions (3 bottles)
    pH 4, 7, 10 for calibration
  • Distilled water (200 mL)

Оборудование

50 mL burette Burette stand and clamp 250 mL beaker pH meter with electrode Magnetic stirrer 25 mL pipette Graph paper

Процедура

1

Calibrate the pH meter using the three buffer solutions (pH 4, 7, 10).

5 мин Handle pH electrode gently
2

Pipette 25.0 mL of 0.1M HCl into the beaker. Record the initial pH.

3 мин
3

Fill the burette with 0.1M NaOH. Record the initial volume.

3 мин
4

Add NaOH in 1.0 mL increments, recording the pH after each addition. When pH changes rapidly, switch to 0.2 mL increments.

25 мин
5

Continue adding NaOH until the pH is above 12. Add a few more points past the equivalence point.

5 мин
6

Plot pH (y-axis) versus volume of NaOH (x-axis) to construct the titration curve.

7 мин

Ожидаемые результаты

The curve should show a characteristic S-shape: slowly rising pH initially, a steep jump around the equivalence point (pH 7 for strong acid-strong base), then leveling off at high pH. The equivalence point volume should be approximately 25 mL.

Уборка

Rinse the pH electrode and store in storage solution. Neutralize waste before disposal. Rinse all glassware.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Кривая pH-титрования?
Записать значения pH в ходе кислотно-основного титрования и построить полную S-образную кривую, показывающую точку эквивалентности и буферные области.
How difficult is Кривая pH-титрования?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 50 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Кривая pH-титрования?
Key safety precautions include: HCl and NaOH are corrosive; Wear safety goggles and gloves; Handle the pH electrode carefully — it is fragile.
What materials are needed for Кривая pH-титрования?
The main materials required are: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), pH buffer solutions, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Кривая pH-титрования?
The curve should show a characteristic S-shape: slowly rising pH initially, a steep jump around the equivalence point (pH 7 for strong acid-strong base), then leveling off at high pH. The equivalence point volume should be approximately 25 mL.