Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)

CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl

概述

Methane undergoes free radical substitution with chlorine in the presence of UV light or heat. The mechanism involves initiation (Cl₂ → 2Cl·), propagation (Cl· + CH₄ → CH₃· + HCl, CH₃· + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + Cl·), and termination. Further substitution can produce CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, and CCl₄.

参与者

角色 物质 系数 状态
反应物 Methane CH₄ 1 (g)
反应物 Chlorine Cl 1 (g)
产物 Hydrochloric Acid HCl 1 (g)

日常示例

Chloroform (CHCl₃), historically used as an anesthetic, is produced by multiple chlorination of methane.

工业重要性

甲烷的氯化是工业上生产氯代烷烃（二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳）的重要方法，这些产品广泛用于溶剂、制冷剂和化工中间体。

属性

类型
Organic
可逆
否
能量
放热
ΔH
-98.0 kJ/mol
催化剂
UV light or heat

相关反应

Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6) Cope Rearrangement Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?
The balanced equation is: CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl.
What type of reaction is Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?
Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) is a organic reaction.
Is Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) exothermic or endothermic?
Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -98.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (UV light or heat).