Saponification (Fat + NaOH)

fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)

概述

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.

参与者

角色 物质 系数 状态
反应物 Sodium Hydroxide NaOH 3 (aq)
产物 Glycerol C₃H₈O₃ 1 (l)

日常示例

Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.

工业重要性

全球肥皂工业每年生产超过2500万吨产品，皂化反应同时副产甘油，广泛用于化妆品和制药行业。

属性

类型
Organic
可逆
否
能量
放热
ΔH
-25.0 kJ/mol

相关反应

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).
What type of reaction is Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is a organic reaction.
Is Saponification (Fat + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.