15 P Phosphorus 30,974 u

Phosphorus

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Chu kỳ
3
Nhóm
15
Khối
p-khối
Pha (STP)
Solid

Phosphorus is essential for life, found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. It exists in several allotropic forms including white and red phosphorus.

Ngoại quan: Waxy white (white phosphorus)

About Phosphorus

Discovered by the alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669, phosphorus was among the first elements isolated in the modern era. It is a reactive nonmetal of atomic number 15 and atomic mass 30.974, appearing most familiarly as a waxy white solid that melts at 317 K. Five valence electrons ([Ne] 3s2 3p3) give an electronegativity of 2.19 and a first ionization energy of 1012 kJ/mol. The element exists in several allotropic forms, including white and red phosphorus. Phosphorus is essential to life, forming part of DNA, RNA, and the energy carrier ATP. It sits in group 15, period 3, below nitrogen.

Tính chất vật lý

Khối lượng nguyên tử 30.974 u
Mật độ 1.82 g/cm³
Điểm nóng chảy 44.2 °C
Điểm sôi 280.6 °C
Pha ở STP Solid
Bán kính nguyên tử 98.0 pm

Tính chất điện tử

Độ âm điện 2.19
Năng lượng ion hóa 1011.8 eV
Ái lực electron 72.0 eV
Electron hóa trị 5

Cấu hình electron

Cấu hình [Ne] 3s² 3p³

Electron Shell Configuration

Phosphorus electron shell configuration P 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 5e⁻
Electron shell structure of Phosphorus — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 5

Position in Periodic Table

Phosphorus position in the periodic table P

Khám phá

Được phát hiện bởi: Hennig Brand
Năm: 1669

Khối & Chu kỳ

Khối

s p d f

Chu kỳ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Bảng tuần hoàn

Lanthanide Actinide

Các phản ứng có P

Formation of Phosphorus Pentoxide

P₄ + 5O₂ → P₄O₁₀

Synthesis

Sodium Hydroxide and Phosphoric Acid

3NaOH + H₃PO₄ → Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

Double Replacement

Phosphoric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide (First Neutralization)

H₃PO₄ + NaOH → NaH₂PO₄ + H₂O

Acid-Base

Phosphoric Acid Complete Neutralization

H₃PO₄ + 3NaOH → Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

Acid-Base

Phosphoric Acid Second Neutralization

H₃PO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂HPO₄ + 2H₂O

Acid-Base
Xem tất cả 6 phản ứng →

Compounds Containing Phosphorus

Phosphoric Acid

H₃PO₄

Phosphine

PH₃

Diammonium Phosphate

(NH₄)₂HPO₄

Sodium Phosphate Tribasic

Na₃PO₄

Potassium Phosphate Dibasic

K₂HPO₄

Phosphorus Trichloride

PCl₃

Sodium Hexametaphosphate

(NaPO₃)₆

Calcium Phosphate

Ca₃(PO₄)₂

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂

Coenzyme A

C₂₁H₃₆N₇O₁₆P₃S

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

C₂₇H₃₃N₉O₁₅P₂

Glyphosate

C₃H₈NO₅P

Thêm Phi Kim

1 H Hydrogen 6 C Carbon 7 N Nitrogen 8 O Oxygen 16 S Sulfur 34 Se Selenium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Phosphorus?
Phosphorus (P) is a chemical element with atomic number 15. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a phi kim.
What are the key properties of Phosphorus?
Phosphorus has an atomic mass of 30.974 u, density of 1.82 g/cm³, melting point of 44.2°C, boiling point of 280.6°C.
What is the electron configuration of Phosphorus?
The electron configuration of Phosphorus is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Phosphorus?
Phosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brand in 1669.
What is the electronegativity of Phosphorus?
Phosphorus has an electronegativity of 2.19 on the Pauling scale.