5 B Boron 10,81 u

Boron

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Chu kỳ
2
Nhóm
13
Khối
p-khối
Pha (STP)
Solid

Boron is a metalloid essential for plant growth and used in glass and ceramics. Its compounds, such as borax, have been used for thousands of years.

Ngoại quan: Black-brown

About Boron

A metalloid straddling the boundary between metals and nonmetals, boron carries atomic number 5 and an atomic mass of 10.81. In elemental form it appears black-brown and is hard and refractory, melting near 2349 K. Three valence electrons ([He] 2s2 2p1) and an electronegativity of 2.04 favor covalent bonding, and its first ionization energy is 800.6 kJ/mol. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac helped isolate the element in 1808, though boron compounds such as borax had already been used for thousands of years. Boron is essential to plant growth and is incorporated into glass and ceramics. It belongs to group 13, period 2.

Tính chất vật lý

Khối lượng nguyên tử 10.81 u
Mật độ 2.34 g/cm³
Điểm nóng chảy 2075.8 °C
Điểm sôi 3926.8 °C
Pha ở STP Solid
Bán kính nguyên tử 87.0 pm

Tính chất điện tử

Độ âm điện 2.04
Năng lượng ion hóa 800.6 eV
Ái lực electron 26.7 eV
Electron hóa trị 3

Cấu hình electron

Cấu hình [He] 2s² 2p¹

Electron Shell Configuration

Boron electron shell configuration B 2e⁻ 3e⁻
Electron shell structure of Boron — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 3

Position in Periodic Table

Boron position in the periodic table B

Khám phá

Được phát hiện bởi: Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Năm: 1808

Khối & Chu kỳ

Khối

s p d f

Chu kỳ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Bảng tuần hoàn

Lanthanide Actinide

Các phản ứng có B

Boron Trifluoride and Ammonia (Lewis Acid-Base)

BF₃ + NH₃ → BF₃·NH₃

Acid-Base

Positron Emission of Carbon-11

¹¹C → ¹¹B + e⁺ + νₑ

Nuclear

Compounds Containing Boron

Boron Trifluoride

BF₃

Boron Trichloride

BCl₃

Sodium Tetraborate

Na₂B₄O₇

Sodium Borohydride

NaBH₄

Sodium Perborate

NaBO₃

Boric Acid

H₃BO₃

Boron Nitride

BN

Boron Trioxide

B₂O₃

Diborane

B₂H₆

Sodium Borohydride in NaOH

NaBH₄/NaOH

Thêm Á Kim

14 Si Silicon 32 Ge Germanium 33 As Arsenic 51 Sb Antimony 52 Te Tellurium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Boron?
Boron (B) is a chemical element with atomic number 5. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a á kim.
What are the key properties of Boron?
Boron has an atomic mass of 10.81 u, density of 2.34 g/cm³, melting point of 2075.8°C, boiling point of 3926.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Boron?
The electron configuration of Boron is [He] 2s2 2p1. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Boron?
Boron was discovered by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1808.
What is the electronegativity of Boron?
Boron has an electronegativity of 2.04 on the Pauling scale.