21 Sc Scandium 44,956 u

Scandium

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Chu kỳ
4
Nhóm
3
Khối
d-khối
Pha (STP)
Solid

Scandium is a soft, silvery transition metal used in aerospace alloys. It is relatively rare and was predicted by Mendeleev before its discovery.

Ngoại quan: Silvery white

About Scandium

Predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev before it was found, scandium was isolated by Lars Fredrik Nilson in 1879, confirming a gap in the periodic table. It is a soft, silvery-white transition metal of atomic number 21 and atomic mass 44.956 that melts at 1814 K. Its configuration [Ar] 3d1 4s2 places the first d-electron of the transition series, with an electronegativity of 1.36 and a first ionization energy of 633 kJ/mol. Relatively rare and hard to isolate, scandium is used chiefly in high-performance aerospace alloys, where small additions improve strength. It stands at the head of group 3, period 4.

Tính chất vật lý

Khối lượng nguyên tử 44.956 u
Mật độ 2.985 g/cm³
Điểm nóng chảy 1540.8 °C
Điểm sôi 2835.8 °C
Pha ở STP Solid
Bán kính nguyên tử 184.0 pm

Tính chất điện tử

Độ âm điện 1.36
Năng lượng ion hóa 633.1 eV
Ái lực electron 18.1 eV
Electron hóa trị 3

Cấu hình electron

Cấu hình [Ar] 3d¹ 4s²

Electron Shell Configuration

Scandium electron shell configuration Sc 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 9e⁻ 2e⁻
Electron shell structure of Scandium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 9
4 (N) 2

Position in Periodic Table

Scandium position in the periodic table Sc

Khám phá

Được phát hiện bởi: Lars Fredrik Nilson
Năm: 1879

Khối & Chu kỳ

Khối

s p d f

Chu kỳ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Bảng tuần hoàn

Lanthanide Actinide

Thêm Kim Loại Chuyển Tiếp

22 Ti Titanium 23 V Vanadium 24 Cr Chromium 25 Mn Manganese 26 Fe Iron 27 Co Cobalt 28 Ni Nickel 29 Cu Copper 30 Zn Zinc 39 Y Yttrium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Scandium?
Scandium (Sc) is a chemical element with atomic number 21. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a kim loại chuyển tiếp.
What are the key properties of Scandium?
Scandium has an atomic mass of 44.956 u, density of 2.985 g/cm³, melting point of 1540.8°C, boiling point of 2835.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Scandium?
The electron configuration of Scandium is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. It is in the d-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Scandium?
Scandium was discovered by Lars Fredrik Nilson in 1879.
What is the electronegativity of Scandium?
Scandium has an electronegativity of 1.36 on the Pauling scale.