13 Al Aluminum 26,982 u

Aluminum

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Chu kỳ
3
Nhóm
13
Khối
p-khối
Pha (STP)
Solid

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust. It is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and widely used in packaging and transportation.

Ngoại quan: Silvery-gray metallic

About Aluminum

The most abundant metal in Earth's crust, aluminum is a silvery post-transition metal of atomic number 13 and atomic mass 26.982. It is light at 2.70 g/cm³ and resistant to corrosion, melting at 933 K. Three valence electrons ([Ne] 3s2 3p1) give an electronegativity of 1.61 and a comparatively low first ionization energy of 578 kJ/mol. Hans Christian Ørsted first produced the metal in 1825. Its combination of low weight and corrosion resistance underlies its wide use in packaging and transportation. Aluminum does not occur free in nature, and it sits in group 13, period 3, below boron.

Tính chất vật lý

Khối lượng nguyên tử 26.982 u
Mật độ 2.7 g/cm³
Điểm nóng chảy 660.3 °C
Điểm sôi 2469.8 °C
Pha ở STP Solid
Bán kính nguyên tử 118.0 pm

Tính chất điện tử

Độ âm điện 1.61
Năng lượng ion hóa 577.5 eV
Ái lực electron 42.5 eV
Electron hóa trị 3

Cấu hình electron

Cấu hình [Ne] 3s² 3p¹

Electron Shell Configuration

Aluminum electron shell configuration Al 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 3e⁻
Electron shell structure of Aluminum — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 3

Position in Periodic Table

Aluminum position in the periodic table Al

Khám phá

Được phát hiện bởi: Hans Christian Oersted
Năm: 1825

Khối & Chu kỳ

Khối

s p d f

Chu kỳ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Bảng tuần hoàn

Lanthanide Actinide

Các phản ứng có Al

Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)

2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂

Electrochemical

Aluminum Reacting with Iron(III) Oxide (Thermite)

2Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe

Single Replacement

Aluminum Reacting with Hydrochloric Acid

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Single Replacement

Aluminum Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid

Al(OH)₃ + 3HCl → AlCl₃ + 3H₂O

Double Replacement

Aluminum Reducing Chromium Oxide (Aluminothermic)

2Al + Cr₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Cr

Single Replacement
Xem tất cả 12 phản ứng →

Compounds Containing Aluminum

Aluminum Oxide

Al₂O₃

Aluminum Hydroxide

Al(OH)₃

Aluminum Chloride

AlCl₃

Potassium Aluminum Sulfate

KAl(SO₄)₂

Lithium Aluminum Hydride

LiAlH₄

Potassium Feldspar

KAlSi₃O₈

Kaolinite

Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Aluminum Nitride

AlN

Sodium Aluminate

NaAlO₂

Zeolite A

Na₁₂Al₁₂Si₁₂O₄₈

Calcium Aluminate Cement

CaO·Al₂O₃

Thêm Kim Loại Hậu Chuyển Tiếp

31 Ga Gallium 49 In Indium 50 Sn Tin 81 Tl Thallium 82 Pb Lead 83 Bi Bismuth 84 Po Polonium

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Aluminum?
Aluminum (Al) is a chemical element with atomic number 13. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a kim loại hậu chuyển tiếp.
What are the key properties of Aluminum?
Aluminum has an atomic mass of 26.982 u, density of 2.7 g/cm³, melting point of 660.3°C, boiling point of 2469.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Aluminum?
The electron configuration of Aluminum is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Aluminum?
Aluminum was discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825.
What is the electronegativity of Aluminum?
Aluminum has an electronegativity of 1.61 on the Pauling scale.