Xác Minh Định Luật Beer-Lambert
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Minh họa mối quan hệ tuyến tính giữa độ hấp thụ và nồng độ
Mục tiêu
Xác minh định luật Beer-Lambert bằng cách đo độ hấp thụ của các dung dịch CuSO₄ ở các nồng độ khác nhau và xây dựng đường chuẩn.
Bối cảnh
The Beer-Lambert law states that absorbance is directly proportional to both the concentration of the absorbing species and the path length of the sample (A = εbc). By preparing a series of standard solutions of known concentration and measuring their absorbance at a fixed wavelength, students construct a calibration curve. This curve can then be used to determine the concentration of unknown samples — a technique fundamental to analytical chemistry.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- CuSO₄ is an irritant — avoid skin contact
- Do not pipette by mouth
- Wipe cuvettes with lint-free tissue before measurements
- Dispose of CuSO₄ solutions in inorganic waste
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Copper sulfate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) (10 g)For stock solution
-
Distilled water (500 mL)Solvent
-
Unknown CuSO₄ solution (50 mL)Prepared by instructor
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Prepare a 0.5M stock solution by dissolving 12.5 g CuSO₄·5H₂O in distilled water and making up to 100 mL.
Prepare standard solutions by dilution: 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 M. Label each flask clearly.
Set the colorimeter to 635 nm (red filter) — the maximum absorbance wavelength for blue CuSO₄ solutions.
Zero the instrument using a cuvette of distilled water (blank). Ensure the cuvette is clean and properly oriented.
Measure and record the absorbance of each standard solution, starting from the most dilute. Rinse the cuvette between samples.
Measure the absorbance of the unknown solution.
Plot absorbance (y-axis) vs. concentration (x-axis). Draw the best-fit line and determine the unknown concentration from the graph.
Kết quả dự kiến
The plot should show a linear relationship (straight line through the origin) for the standard solutions. The unknown concentration is read from the x-axis at the corresponding absorbance on the calibration curve.
Dọn dẹp
Pour CuSO₄ solutions into the inorganic waste container. Rinse all volumetric flasks and cuvettes with distilled water.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Colorimetry
- Độ khó
- Intermediate (High School)
- Thời gian
- 60 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $12,00
- Số bước
- 7
- Vật liệu
- 3