Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)

CaCl₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CaC₂O₄↓ + 2NaCl

Tổng quan

Calcium chloride reacts with sodium oxalate to form a white precipitate of calcium oxalate (Ksp = 2.3 × 10⁻⁹). Calcium oxalate is the primary component of approximately 80% of kidney stones. The monohydrate form (whewellite) is thermodynamically favored and forms the hardest, most painful stones.

Người tham gia

Vai trò	Chất	Hệ số	Trạng thái
Chất phản ứng	Oxalic Acid C₂H₂O₄	1	(aq)
Sản phẩm	Sodium Chloride NaCl	2	(aq)

Ví dụ thực tế

Most kidney stones are calcium oxalate crystals. Foods high in oxalate (spinach, rhubarb, almonds) can increase stone risk.

Tầm quan trọng công nghiệp

Understanding calcium oxalate precipitation is critical in nephrology, food science (oxalate content analysis), and in beer brewing (beer stone prevention).

Tính chất

Loại: Precipitation
Thuận nghịch: Không
Năng lượng: Tỏa nhiệt
ΔH: -12,0 kJ/mol

Phản ứng liên quan

Aluminum Hydroxide Precipitation Barium Carbonate Precipitation Barium Sulfate Precipitation Cadmium Sulfide Precipitation (Yellow) Calcium Fluoride Precipitation (Fluorite) Calcium Phosphate Precipitation (Bone Mineral) Chromium(III) Hydroxide Precipitation Lead Carbonate Precipitation Lead Chloride Precipitation Iron(III) Hydroxide Precipitation

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)?

The balanced equation is: CaCl₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CaC₂O₄↓ + 2NaCl.

What type of reaction is Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)?

Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) is a precipitation reaction.

Is Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) exothermic or endothermic?

Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -12.0 kJ/mol.